閱讀理解范文
時(shí)間:2023-03-24 07:17:59
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篇1
【關(guān)鍵詞】閱讀理解題型 解題技巧
【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.4 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089(2014)02-0096-02
閱讀在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中作用重大,高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的主要目的之一就是側(cè)重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力,閱讀理解能力測(cè)試在高考試題所占分值最大,區(qū)分度明顯。新課標(biāo)指出閱讀教學(xué)的主要目的是培養(yǎng)閱讀策略,尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)在閱讀過程中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息和處理信息的能力。因此,了解閱讀理解題型,掌握解題技巧,探析解題規(guī)律,對(duì)于快速提高閱讀速度和閱讀準(zhǔn)確率起著舉足輕重的作用。本文根據(jù)閱讀理解測(cè)試題常見的四種題型,即主旨大意題,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,推理判斷題,猜測(cè)詞義題,從四個(gè)方面探析解題策略,以求在閱讀文章的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)文后設(shè)置問題的類型,去粗取精,去偽存真,由表及里,由此及彼,分析信息,處理問題,在有限的閱讀時(shí)間內(nèi)提高閱讀效率和準(zhǔn)確率。
一、去粗取精抓主旨
主旨大意題要求掌握所讀文章的主旨和大意,包括基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題、文章大意或段落大意等,要求在理解全文基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括和總結(jié)。常見的測(cè)試題干如下:
1.主題類
The main idea of the passage is ____.
What is the topic of the passage?
Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
The central idea of the paragraph is that ____.
2.標(biāo)題類
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
The best title for the passage would be ____.
主題的確定
主題是文章的核心,確定文章的主題,找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵,“主題句定位法”是行之有效的一種方法。主題句常出現(xiàn)在文首,開門見山,提出主題,隨之用細(xì)節(jié)說明或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見的演繹法寫作方式。但歸納法寫作方法也常出現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)文章中,即在表述細(xì)節(jié)或論據(jù)后??偨Y(jié)歸納要點(diǎn)、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果,以概括主題。文章主題也可能隱含于全文之中,需要把所有細(xì)節(jié)綜合起來(lái),概括歸納出主題。
標(biāo)題的選擇
如果把主題比喻為文章的靈魂,標(biāo)題就是文章的眼睛,通過這雙眼睛可以透視文章的靈魂。給文章確定一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題,首先要在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,把握文章大意和作者寫作意圖。不能把某一段落大意誤作全文大意,以偏概全;更不可將某一具體細(xì)節(jié)或某一個(gè)句子當(dāng)作文章主題,斷章取義。標(biāo)題的選擇應(yīng)做到既有概括性又要有針對(duì)性,還要簡(jiǎn)潔醒目。
二、去偽存真找細(xì)節(jié)
在確定文章主題之后,通常要通過事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)或論據(jù)對(duì)主題進(jìn)行解釋和說明。因此有許多題干是根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)計(jì)的。常見題干形式有:
According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why/how much/how long/how soon…
What is mentioned in the passage?
Which of the following statements is true( false)?
細(xì)節(jié)題有可能是直接理解題,如事情的起因、過程、結(jié)果及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。但多數(shù)情況下是間接理解題,要求讀者通過自己的思維將理解的內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化、條理化。無(wú)論是可以在原文直接找到答案的直接理解題還是需要將題干信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換的間接理解題,往往可以應(yīng)用尋讀法,帶著文章中的關(guān)鍵詞或標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ)到文章中去“順藤摸瓜”,“藤”就是與題干意思相關(guān)的句子或段落,“瓜”就是與正確選項(xiàng)相吻合的信息。帶著問題到“瓜田”(文章)中尋找某一信息(日期、數(shù)字、地點(diǎn)、專有名詞、原因和結(jié)果等)。題干中的標(biāo)識(shí)詞是快速尋找答題依據(jù)的“路標(biāo)”。例如:The author?蒺s attitude toward “most economists in the United States” can best be described as ____.先在原文中找到引號(hào)標(biāo)識(shí)詞“most economists in the United States”,便能快速找出答案。
三、由表及里來(lái)推斷
英語(yǔ)閱讀中,有時(shí)作者未將意圖直言不諱的表達(dá)出來(lái),而是要求讀者根據(jù)字面意思,通過全篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度和文章的寓意,這就是推理判斷題,常見提問方式有:
It can be inferred /concluded from the passage that ____.
What does the author probably mean by “____”?
The passage following this one would most probably discuss ____.
推理判斷是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng),要在閱讀理解全文的基礎(chǔ)之上,掌握文章的真正內(nèi)涵,具體要注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.要對(duì)文章的表面信息整理加工,由表及里,由淺入深,從具體到抽象,從特殊到一般,通過分析、綜合、推理、判斷進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷。不能就事論事,斷章取義,以偏概全。2.要以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù),立足已知,推斷未知;立足表層意義,推斷深層含義。不可主觀臆斷,隨意揣測(cè),更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。3.了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu),把握句子、段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系,判斷邏輯發(fā)展的方向??梢岳萌缦逻^渡性關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行邏輯分析:
遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:and,also,too.as well,besides,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what?蒺s more
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but,yet,however,instead,while,on the one hand…on the other hand…,in contrast,on the contrary
因果關(guān)系:because,as ,since,now that,for,so,thus,therefore,as a result,consequently
總結(jié)關(guān)系:in conclusion,in short,in brief,in general,on the whole,as has been stated
四、由此及彼猜詞義
詞義猜測(cè)題就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和所學(xué)知識(shí)推測(cè)詞義,猜測(cè)詞義是英語(yǔ)閱讀的重要技巧。常用提問方式有:
What do you think the expression “____” stand for?
The word“____” refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by ____.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “____”?
在閱讀過程中遇到生詞、新短語(yǔ)或熟詞新意,可以通過文章出現(xiàn)的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞,結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法以及語(yǔ)法和文脈結(jié)構(gòu),由此及彼猜測(cè)詞義。下面試舉幾例說明如何根據(jù)已知信息猜測(cè)詞義:
1.依據(jù)定義猜測(cè)詞義。In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.從上下文可知jam就是定語(yǔ)從句中的“a difficult situation”。
根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。在句子或段落中,如果兩個(gè)事物之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。例如:Tom is considered as an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.根據(jù)原因狀語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容“他不征詢別人意見而作出決定”可推測(cè)autocratic指“獨(dú)斷專行,自以為是”。
2.根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。在句子或段落中,如果兩個(gè)事物之間構(gòu)成對(duì)比性的描述,可以根據(jù)反義詞猜測(cè)生詞詞義,例如:
篇2
一、讀
讀又分“讀材料”和“讀要求”。
1、“讀材料”,就是閱讀試卷上的文字材料,粗讀全文內(nèi)容,了解文章主題、基本大意、層次和段落之后,應(yīng)記住文章的要點(diǎn),重要的結(jié)論以及一些關(guān)鍵性的人名、地點(diǎn)、定義和數(shù)字,以便查找。再則要重點(diǎn)理解文章的體裁是記敘文還是說明文??傊?,文章的每一段、每句話,歸根到底都是為闡明中心服務(wù)的,都?xì)w向文章的主旨。因此要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)為文章標(biāo)段,歸納每段意思,歸納中心思想。在讀的過程中,學(xué)生既可用采用“順讀法”,就是先讀短文后讀題目,然后再讀短文,尋找正確答案。也可采用“倒讀法”,就是先讀題目,后讀短文,最后尋找答案。我認(rèn)為“倒讀法”較好,因?yàn)檫@種閱讀方法是帶著問題閱讀,目的明確,容易集中,能及時(shí)抓住文中與解題關(guān)系密切的信息,從而節(jié)省了閱讀 時(shí)間?!暗棺x法"對(duì)表層理解的題目(提問時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等)效果最好,對(duì)深層理解的題目,要從短文的整體內(nèi)容出發(fā),進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié),分析所提供選項(xiàng),作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。
2、“讀要求”,要求學(xué)生再審視語(yǔ)文閱讀理解所要求回答的問題要求,讀一遍要像對(duì)待數(shù)學(xué)試題中的數(shù)字一樣,認(rèn)真看清每一個(gè)字、詞、句、甚至每一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn),題目的要求,分析問題的提問要點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵的關(guān)鍵字、詞或句子也要讓學(xué)生用筆圈下來(lái),作為扣題作答的要點(diǎn),也是學(xué)生回答問題的可能的得分點(diǎn),才好機(jī)智從容答題。第二遍讀文章要求考生帶著問題細(xì)讀全文。要完全弄清下幾點(diǎn):一要認(rèn)準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞句,把握其基本意義,認(rèn)清它們?cè)诰渥又械木唧w含義,根據(jù)上下文琢磨它們的升華意義,學(xué)生特別是要學(xué)會(huì)在閱讀文字材料中發(fā)現(xiàn)有效信息,即是對(duì)回答閱讀材料要求所的提問題的文字和內(nèi)容。二要排除生詞的障礙,遇到生詞要通過上下文,大膽地對(duì)閱讀文字材料中的個(gè)別詞義、語(yǔ)義和句義進(jìn)行推斷,還可以通過構(gòu)詞常識(shí)大膽猜測(cè)。三是原文中有明顯的準(zhǔn)確答案,要善于利用閱讀文字材料中的原文材料,果斷作答。在以上基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)記住閱讀理解文章的要點(diǎn),閱讀理解重要的結(jié)論以及閱讀理解中的一些關(guān)鍵性的人名、 地點(diǎn)、定義和數(shù)字等。因此,解答閱讀理解題中心步驟就是閱讀,既要閱讀短文,又要閱讀題目。閱讀時(shí)要注意閱讀技巧,只要反復(fù)閱讀、強(qiáng)化感知,才能深刻領(lǐng)悟和準(zhǔn)確把握,才能提高閱讀效率。
二、找
所謂“找”, 就是找原話。要找到語(yǔ)文閱讀理解上要求的關(guān)鍵字、詞或句子所在段落,并圈下來(lái),然后再來(lái)重點(diǎn)理解與分析。當(dāng)然找原話的目的是為了弄清題意,確定解決問題的閱讀空間和范圍。有些試題它要求用文中原話來(lái)回答,我們就可以用文中的原話來(lái)作答,這樣答題前把它們標(biāo)記下,來(lái)以利方便。這時(shí)就可以從文章中直接提取信息來(lái)回答問題。如果它沒有明確要求用文中的原話來(lái)作答,我們也可以從文章中畫出間接信息加以理解,為答題服務(wù)。如若它指定必需要使用學(xué)生自己的話來(lái)回答的話,我們也可以將文中可以借鑒的話語(yǔ)做好標(biāo)示。語(yǔ)文試題的開放性要求試題答案能自圓其說,答案最佳,這就力求挖掘原句子的隱含信息和深層含義。以標(biāo)示出來(lái),為下一步答題打牢基礎(chǔ)。
三、答
所謂“答”,就是答問題,要讓學(xué)生在根據(jù)語(yǔ)文閱讀理解問題的要求來(lái)回答相應(yīng)的問題。分為三層:第一層,直接從原文或自己的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備中覓得答案;第二層,需要反復(fù)強(qiáng)化、整體感知原文,對(duì)文意做到融會(huì)貫通,并積極分析,深刻思考,高度概括即可;第三層,需要高度領(lǐng)悟文意,并在此基礎(chǔ)上積極運(yùn)行延伸思維、發(fā)散思維、逆向思維等思維活動(dòng),才可形成答案。
其次,答題時(shí)還有做到以下幾點(diǎn):1、不可不答;不答則無(wú)分。只有回答閱讀材料要求所的提問題,才能得分。2、不亂答;亂答也不得分。3、言之有理。所謂“言之有理”就是要學(xué)生在閱讀試卷上的文字材料上找原話,找依據(jù),不能憑空瞎說。語(yǔ)文閱讀理解得分的主動(dòng)權(quán)在我們同學(xué)們手中,關(guān)鍵是在于你有沒有“言之有理”地來(lái)作答。只要學(xué)生言之有理,就可以酌情得分了。
再次,在答題之后,如果時(shí)間允許,要重讀全文內(nèi)容,充滿信心地進(jìn)行復(fù)查。所有答案全部做完后,攜所有答題帶回原文,是否都符合;有無(wú)疏漏,確保無(wú)誤。因此,還要仔細(xì)揣摩、根據(jù)體裁的特點(diǎn),不同的語(yǔ)境,要準(zhǔn)確的作答。
篇3
【關(guān)鍵詞】閱讀理解 方法 技巧
閱讀是人們學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)獲取信息的主要手段之一,也是語(yǔ)言交際的重要形式,對(duì)學(xué)生而言,也是學(xué)外語(yǔ)的一般目的和要培養(yǎng)的第一能力。閱讀能力不只表現(xiàn)在解答閱讀理解的問題中,整個(gè)試卷都是對(duì)閱讀能力的檢驗(yàn)。閱讀理解題是集語(yǔ)法、詞匯與一體,著重考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)基本知識(shí)的掌握和運(yùn)用的情況。
下面筆者就結(jié)合自己多年的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)實(shí)踐,對(duì)如何提高學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力發(fā)表一些自己的見解。
一、要讓學(xué)生明白等級(jí)考試及能力考試對(duì)考生閱讀理解能力的具體要求
主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:
1.掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意;
2.了解闡述主旨的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié);
3.根據(jù)上下文判斷某些詞匯和短語(yǔ)的意義;
4.既理解個(gè)別句子的意義,也理解上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系;
5.根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷、推理和引伸;
作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度。
二、影響學(xué)生閱讀能力的因素以及存在的問題
上面已提到,閱讀能力的高低直接決定著考試的成敗,如何提高閱讀能力是每位考生最為關(guān)心的問題,在回答這一問題之前,先看一下影響閱讀理解能力的因素及存在的問題,概括起來(lái)有三點(diǎn):其一,詞匯量掌握少,導(dǎo)致閱讀失敗,這是中下游學(xué)生普通存在的一個(gè)問題。第二種因素主要是語(yǔ)法知識(shí)欠缺導(dǎo)致閱讀失敗。在閱讀過程中,除了詞匯量之外,影響理解的另一個(gè)重要因素就是語(yǔ)法。任何一種語(yǔ)言都有自己的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,它包括詞法和句法,即組詞成句的規(guī)則和詞型、句型變化規(guī)則。
要求掌握的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)包括:
1.英語(yǔ)句子的基本程序及其意義;
2.英語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型;
3.各種時(shí)體的變化及其意義;
4.各種從句的構(gòu)成和意義;
5.句際之間的所指、省略、替代、重復(fù)、邏輯關(guān)系等。
根據(jù)上述要求,在做閱讀理解題項(xiàng)時(shí),必須運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)辨認(rèn)出正確的語(yǔ)法關(guān)系。沒有一定的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),看不出句子的主、謂、賓,搞不清句子結(jié)構(gòu),也就沒有理解可言。因此我們要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生集中精力做句法分析,先解決長(zhǎng)難句的理解問題,理清句式結(jié)構(gòu),闖過難句理解這一關(guān)。其具體方法是:①對(duì)于含多個(gè)從句的長(zhǎng)句,應(yīng)該先找到主句的主體部分即主、謂、賓,然后再找從句的主體部分,一層一層進(jìn)行,先把同一層次的看完,再進(jìn)行下一層次的內(nèi)容。②對(duì)于有很長(zhǎng)插入成分的長(zhǎng)句,先不要理會(huì)插入語(yǔ),等把主句的意思理解了再來(lái)分析插入語(yǔ)的意思和作用。③對(duì)于有分詞狀語(yǔ)或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的長(zhǎng)句,應(yīng)先分辨主句和從屬部分,分清主次,不要錯(cuò)把從屬部分當(dāng)成了主句。
第三種導(dǎo)致閱讀失敗的因素是背景知識(shí)。在閱讀時(shí),單詞全認(rèn)識(shí),語(yǔ)法都會(huì),可就是讀了文章之后不知所云。這種情況最令人頭痛,這不僅僅是涉及到英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)問題,同時(shí)還涉及到背景知識(shí),由于對(duì)背景知識(shí)不熟悉而影響理解,任何人都可能會(huì)碰到這個(gè)問題。對(duì)我們來(lái)講,克服這一障礙的辦法就是廣泛閱讀,增加對(duì)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的歷史、人文狀況、政治現(xiàn)實(shí)、科學(xué)知識(shí)、風(fēng)土人情的了解。
三、掌握必要的閱讀方法和閱讀技巧
要想提高閱讀理解能力,就得掌握一些閱讀方法和閱讀技巧。針對(duì)閱讀過程這一問題,特提出三種不同的模式。①自下而上模式。持這種觀點(diǎn)的人認(rèn)為,閱讀是一種從左到右、線性的、機(jī)械的過程,即讀者先認(rèn)識(shí)詞,再理解短語(yǔ)、句子,逐步過渡到段落。顯而易見,這種模式有它的局限性,因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)趯?shí)際閱讀時(shí)目光是跳躍前進(jìn)的,并且每跳躍一次有一個(gè)短暫的注視時(shí)間。因此,我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)要把視野放寬,不要以字母或單詞為單位,而應(yīng)以通常所說的意群為單位進(jìn)行閱讀,這樣可以大大加快閱讀速度。②自上而下模式。所謂自上而下的模式是指閱讀者在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)擁有一定的背景知識(shí),首先進(jìn)行選樣,從文章中獲取一定的信息;接著進(jìn)行預(yù)見,猜測(cè)下文的內(nèi)容;然后繼續(xù)閱讀,進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證一下自己的預(yù)見是否與文章一致;最后對(duì)自己的預(yù)見進(jìn)行肯定或修改。這種模式的缺限是過于強(qiáng)調(diào)背景知識(shí)的重要性,忽略了牢固的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和豐富的詞匯量對(duì)閱讀的重要性。③相互作用模式。針對(duì)上述兩種模式的局限性,專家們又提出了另一種新的模式,即相互作用模式。就是說閱讀是一個(gè)自下而上和自上而下的相互作用的心理過程,是讀者運(yùn)用自己的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和背景知識(shí)對(duì)所讀材料進(jìn)行的一個(gè)積極的思維過程。也就是說,閱讀時(shí),對(duì)單詞、短語(yǔ)、句子及段落的理解是相互作用的,即對(duì)單詞的理解有助于對(duì)句子的理解,對(duì)句子的理解也有助于對(duì)特定上下文中某個(gè)單詞的理解;而且對(duì)單詞、句子及段落的理解與個(gè)人的背景知識(shí)也是相互作用的。顯然,這是一個(gè)較為合理的模式,它符合人們的實(shí)際閱讀習(xí)慣。
四、養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀方法
篇4
關(guān)鍵詞:背景知識(shí) 閱讀理解 傳授方法
1. 背景知識(shí)與閱讀理解的關(guān)系
Pearson and Johnson(1978)把閱讀理解定義為“聯(lián)系新舊知識(shí)的橋梁”,強(qiáng)調(diào)了背景知識(shí)的重要性。Carrell (1983)認(rèn)為背景知識(shí)有3個(gè)組成部分:上下文(context)、熟悉度(familiarity)、透明度(transparency)。上下文指與文本有關(guān)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,熟悉度指讀者對(duì)文本內(nèi)容的了解程度也可以說是文化知識(shí)程度,透明度指對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。實(shí)際上Carrell的3個(gè)部分正是廣義的背景知識(shí)的內(nèi)涵,上下文和熟悉度,透明度。
2. 背景知識(shí)對(duì)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的制約
2.1背景知識(shí)對(duì)閱讀理解的影響
背景文化能夠影響閱讀理解是不言而喻的??墒撬烤谷绾螌?duì)閱讀理解產(chǎn)生影響,又在多大程度上影響閱讀?為了更好地研究背景文化對(duì)閱讀理解的具體作用,在宏觀上,可把文化背景知識(shí)分為作家個(gè)人背景和整體文化背景。談到文化背景知識(shí)對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的影響,我們不妨先談?wù)剤D式理論(Schema theory)。圖式閱讀理論把閱讀看作是個(gè)自上而下(top--down)的認(rèn)知過程。閱讀能力是由三種圖式?jīng)Q定的:語(yǔ)言圖式,內(nèi)容圖式和形式圖式。
2.2 文化差異對(duì)閱讀理解的制約
由于文化不同,人的思維方式也就不同,而思維方式又對(duì)語(yǔ)言有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。語(yǔ)言是文化的一種表現(xiàn)形式,是文化的載體,語(yǔ)言和文化有著密切的聯(lián)系。一定的文化背景知識(shí)會(huì)促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解,從而促進(jìn)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力的提高。反之,任何語(yǔ)言,如果學(xué)習(xí)者不了解其文化背景,學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)勢(shì)必吃力。
3.在閱讀教學(xué)中文化背景知識(shí)的具體傳授方法
外語(yǔ)教學(xué)為進(jìn)行跨文化交流提供了有利條件,但值得人們注意的是:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)不是一種純粹的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)化,它在很大程度上,要受到如歷史、文化、社會(huì)、政治、傳統(tǒng)、審美情趣等因素的影響。因而在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中不僅要求學(xué)生掌握文化基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),而且要了解背景知識(shí)。只有掌握了這兩種知識(shí),英語(yǔ)的交際功能才能得到充分的發(fā)揮。
3.1講解法
在講解文章前,教師根據(jù)自己對(duì)文章的了解,考慮到學(xué)生可能缺乏該文章的必要文化背景知識(shí),充分利用教師參考書,向?qū)W生介紹有關(guān)的背景知識(shí)。例如在上《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀》第二冊(cè)第四單元(My First Job)時(shí),就涉及到工作面試(job interview),教師可以講解一下西方學(xué)生通常利用假期去找工作掙錢,而找工作主要是先看報(bào)紙上的招聘廣告,然后再去面試,順便可以提一下在面試中應(yīng)注意的一些問題,再結(jié)合當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)大學(xué)生也流行假期打工和畢業(yè)后面臨自找工作這個(gè)背景,通過這樣的講解,不僅幫助學(xué)生對(duì)西方人是怎樣找工作的這個(gè)背景知識(shí)有所了解,而且可使學(xué)生有一種切身利益之感,會(huì)更認(rèn)真、更有興趣地學(xué)習(xí)該課文,從而促使他們對(duì)這篇文章的一些主要細(xì)節(jié)的理解。
3.2比較法
通過比較中西兩種文化的異同點(diǎn),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)目的語(yǔ)文化具有敏感性,逐步使學(xué)生具有跨文化交際的意識(shí),這是一種在外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中最常用的方法,而且效果不錯(cuò)。
3.3提問法和討論法
提問和討論可以使學(xué)生積極地參與到教學(xué)中來(lái),在某種程度上提高他們的口頭表達(dá)能力。教師圍繞文章中的有關(guān)文化背景知識(shí),可以采用個(gè)別回答或小組討論的方式,了解學(xué)生對(duì)文章的理解程度。
4.背景知識(shí)傳授中的注意事宜
4.1語(yǔ)言教學(xué)與文化教學(xué)并重
要把內(nèi)容背景知識(shí)更好地傳授給學(xué)生,英語(yǔ)教師必須多讀具有西方特色的社會(huì)、政治、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、歷史、地理、宗教等方面的文獻(xiàn)資料。
4.2分層次滲透
英語(yǔ)教師要在英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)的3個(gè)階段(讀前、讀中、讀后)分層次融入不同的內(nèi)容背景知識(shí)。讀前,教師要給學(xué)生導(dǎo)入與材料本身相關(guān)的內(nèi)容背景知識(shí),使學(xué)生的認(rèn)知過程有一個(gè)科學(xué)的預(yù)熱階段,便于學(xué)生展開閱讀思維;讀中,教師要掃除材料中的文化障礙;讀后,教師要對(duì)材料中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容背景知識(shí)加以延伸和升華,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)文化差異對(duì)比,提高其文化素質(zhì)。
語(yǔ)言與文化密切相關(guān),文化背景知識(shí)的介紹在英語(yǔ)閱讀課的教學(xué)中起著舉足輕重的作用。閱讀理解是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言與思維的相互作用過程,學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ),只有沉浸到該語(yǔ)言國(guó)家的文化中去,置身于相關(guān)的文化背景,才能充分理解反映這種文化的語(yǔ)言。理解成功與否在很大程度上取決于對(duì)讀者語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和非語(yǔ)言知識(shí)(文化背景知識(shí))的掌握程度以及閱讀技巧的運(yùn)用正確與否。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]鄧炎昌, 劉潤(rùn)清.語(yǔ)言與文化[M].北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社,1989.
[2]董亞芬.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的回顧與展望[J].外語(yǔ)界 1992 年第 3 期
[3]顧曄,許華琳.文化背景知識(shí)在閱讀信息處理中的作用[J].中國(guó)高等醫(yī)學(xué)教育,2005,(2):64-65
[4]馬博森.讀教學(xué)中的話語(yǔ)分析模式[J].外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究,1995,(2):56-60
[5]馬雙月. 淺析影響大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)閱讀效率的兩大因素[J]. 開封教育學(xué)院院報(bào),2001,(12)
[6]王銀泉.閱讀教學(xué)存在的一些問題[J].外語(yǔ)界,1995年第 4 期
篇5
關(guān)鍵詞:初中語(yǔ)文 閱讀理解 答題技巧
閱讀理解主要用來(lái)考查學(xué)生的閱讀速度、理解能力和記憶能力。通過我們長(zhǎng)期的教學(xué)實(shí)踐,閱讀理解題的解題應(yīng)分以下幾個(gè)步驟:
一、縱觀全文,把握主旨
1、理清文章的思路。文章的每一段、每一句話歸根到底都是為闡明中心服務(wù)的,都?xì)w向文章的主旨。平時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)為文章標(biāo)段,歸納每段意思,歸納中心思想往往是行之有效的。
2、要找尋、讀懂文章中關(guān)鍵的詞句。特別是那些體現(xiàn)作者立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)、反映文章深層次內(nèi)容、內(nèi)涵較豐富、形象生動(dòng)的詞句。尤其是文章的開頭句、結(jié)尾句、獨(dú)立成段的句子、比喻句、連問句、過渡句、抒情議論句,文章的主旨常常隱含其中。
首先,不要急著去做題,在進(jìn)入題目之前,必須讀兩遍文章。第一遍是速讀,重點(diǎn)是理解文章的體裁。答題時(shí)切忌還沒完整的閱讀文字材料,就匆匆忙忙地寫答案。最好先把文章從頭到尾通讀一遍,對(duì)文章有一個(gè)整體的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。
學(xué)生閱讀原文時(shí)有兩種方式,一種叫"順讀法",就是先讀短文后讀題目,然后再讀短文尋找正確答案。一種是采用"倒讀法",就是先讀題目后讀短文,最后尋找答案。我比較贊成"倒讀法",因?yàn)檫@種閱讀方法是帶著問題閱讀,目的明確,容易集中,能及時(shí)抓住文中與解題關(guān)系密切的信息,從而節(jié)省了閱讀時(shí)間?!暗棺x法"對(duì)表層理解的題目(提問時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等)效果最好,對(duì)深層理解的題目,要從短文的整體內(nèi)容出發(fā),進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié),分析所提供選項(xiàng),作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。
其次,畫出在文章的結(jié)構(gòu)上起過渡、連接作用的詞語(yǔ)、句子、段落,畫出各段落中的中心句,尤其注意段首、段尾,這些詞句往往就是回答問題時(shí)需要重點(diǎn)研讀的,通過找重要的詞句進(jìn)一步理解文章的思路,結(jié)構(gòu)層次。
最后,心中要有文體意識(shí),找出畫龍點(diǎn)晴的句子。要找到閱讀理解要求的關(guān)鍵字、詞或句子所在段落,要求學(xué)生在閱讀文字材料時(shí)有重點(diǎn)地圈下來(lái),然后再來(lái)重點(diǎn)理解與分析,目的是為了弄清題意,直接提取從文中提取有效的信息。如果試題要求用文中原話回答的,就可以直接用原話作答,如果沒有明確要求用文中原話作答的,我們就可以“從文章中提取信息”來(lái)回答問題,就是挖掘出文中隱含的信息和深層含義然后作答。
3、弄清文章表達(dá)的思想感情。這需要根據(jù)文章的具體內(nèi)容來(lái)回答,常見的有歌頌、贊美、熱愛、喜愛、感動(dòng)、高興、渴望、震撼、眷念、惆悵、淡淡的憂愁、惋惜、思念(懷念)故鄉(xiāng)和親人、或者是厭倦、憎惡、痛苦、慚愧、內(nèi)疚、痛恨、傷心、悲痛、遺憾等。一般作者的情感可以從文章的字里行間可以看出來(lái)的,有的也許寫得比較含蓄,有的是直抒胸臆。
4、注意文章運(yùn)用的修辭手法
常用修辭手法有8種,比喻、比擬、夸張、排比、對(duì)偶、反復(fù)、設(shè)問、反問。其中考得最多的是比喻、擬人、夸張、排比,比喻的作用有三:一是使深?yuàn)W的道理淺顯化,幫人加深體味;二是使抽象的事物具體化,叫人便于接受;三是使概括的東西形象化,給人鮮明的印象。擬人的作用是可以使讀者不僅對(duì)所表達(dá)的事物產(chǎn)生鮮明的印象,而且感受到作者對(duì)該事物的強(qiáng)烈感情,運(yùn)用擬人表現(xiàn)喜愛的事物,可以把它寫得栩栩如生,使人倍感親切自然;表現(xiàn)憎恨的事物,可以把它寫得丑態(tài)畢露,給人以強(qiáng)烈的厭惡感。夸張的作用是可以深刻地表現(xiàn)作者對(duì)事物的鮮明的感情態(tài)度,從而引起讀者的強(qiáng)烈共鳴;通過對(duì)事物的形象渲染,可以引起人們豐富的想象,有利于突出事物的本質(zhì)和特征。排比的作用在于能突出文章的中心,表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈奔放的情感,增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的氣勢(shì);是提高表達(dá)效果的重要環(huán)節(jié)。還有疊詞、短句使用,使文章富有節(jié)奏感,具有音韻美,讀起來(lái)朗朗上口。
二、準(zhǔn)確審題
閱讀題的關(guān)鍵在于準(zhǔn)確地審題,抓住了審題這個(gè)關(guān)鍵,就找到了答題的訣竅。語(yǔ)文閱讀的審題,就是要仔細(xì)分析題目,把握題目要求,即是把握題目中包含的與答案相關(guān)的各種信息。這是答題的第一步,也是最關(guān)鍵的一步。題目一般由兩個(gè)部分組成,一是文章作者的話,一是命題者的話。設(shè)置題目的目的,主要是限定答題內(nèi)容;同時(shí),命題者為了使考生不至于茫然無(wú)緒,往往又會(huì)在題目中提示答題內(nèi)容在文中的位置,甚至限定了在哪一段或哪個(gè)句子中。這樣我們就可以根據(jù)題目的提示,找出每一道題的出題點(diǎn),鎖定答題區(qū)間,具體到段、句、詞。只要找準(zhǔn)了原文中的相關(guān)區(qū)域,認(rèn)真揣摩上下文的文意,準(zhǔn)確抓住關(guān)鍵詞句,準(zhǔn)確地把握住答案的有關(guān)信息,大多數(shù)題目的答案是能夠在原文中找到的。
三、篩選組合,定向表述
文學(xué)作品閱讀多為主觀題,其題目不僅能顯示答題的區(qū)域,還能顯示答題的方式。要站在命題人所“問”的角度回答問題,問什么答什么,使所答充分、到位、準(zhǔn)確、有條理。整合時(shí)一定要確保文通句順。牢記:
1、弄清題目中所具有的態(tài)度或傾向
遇到的題目如果是否定形式,就采用先反后正的答題方式,避免遺漏要點(diǎn);遇到的題目如果是肯定形式,就采用正面的答題方式。
2、弄清題目中作者的話和命題者的話
題目中出現(xiàn)作者的語(yǔ)句,一般是學(xué)生要理解和分析的對(duì)象,而命題者的話一般起到引導(dǎo)學(xué)生明確解答重點(diǎn)或者提供限制條件的作用。
3、多從原文中篩選、提煉、整合語(yǔ)句作答。
現(xiàn)代文閱讀的考查目的在于把握并理解作者在文中所要傳達(dá)的信息,因此,要依照作者的思路來(lái)理解作品,多從原文中尋找答案。但并不是直接摘抄,有時(shí)以文章中的詞或句為基礎(chǔ)略作改寫來(lái)作答,有時(shí)要求綜觀全文,從各段中提取相關(guān)信息加以整合。這類題在高考中出現(xiàn)最多。
篇6
以題目的難易程度分析,人們常常把它們分為表層理解和深層理解。所謂表層理解就是對(duì)文中的客觀事實(shí)的感知和記憶,深層理解是根據(jù)文中的客觀事實(shí),在認(rèn)真思考后進(jìn)行邏輯推理、總結(jié)或概括,得出結(jié)論,或從上下文、字里行間悟出文中沒有直接表達(dá)出來(lái)的而可能存在的和必然的結(jié)果來(lái)。
以題材或體裁論,大致有下述幾種:
(1)記敘文(故事、人物小傳、新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)、史地知識(shí)介紹等)。
(2)說明文(科普文章、說明書等)。
(3)論說文(有關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)各方面的論述)。
(4)應(yīng)用文(書信、廣告、通知等)。
做閱讀理解時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.要判斷出所給文章的類別,根據(jù)各類文章的性質(zhì),在開始閱讀后有意識(shí)地著重去掌握和記住某些關(guān)鍵的內(nèi)容和詞匯。這樣既抓住了要害,又節(jié)省了時(shí)間,避免了在若干細(xì)節(jié)及無(wú)關(guān)全局的問題上糾纏,初中階段,碰到的主要是記敘文。如果是故事或傳記,就應(yīng)特別注意找出主要人物、事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、主要情節(jié)以及最后結(jié)局。故事傳記主要是敘述主人公的主要特征,他與其他重要人物之間的關(guān)系也應(yīng)同時(shí)記住。新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)、史地知識(shí)介紹,往往是一人一事地介紹,比故事、傳記要簡(jiǎn)單,但也離不開記敘文的基本特點(diǎn),對(duì)于上述要求它們同樣適用。而新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間性、準(zhǔn)確性,因此要搞清時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和數(shù)字。
2.解題時(shí)不要邊看問題邊從文中查找答案,因?yàn)橛眠@種方法難以提高閱讀理解的效果,尤其是對(duì)于深層理解的文章。應(yīng)瀏覽全文,了解全文的概貌??赐旰?,應(yīng)記住文章的要點(diǎn),重要的結(jié)論以及一些關(guān)鍵性的人名、地點(diǎn)、定義和數(shù)字(不同的人名、地點(diǎn)可用鉛筆在試卷上分別打上不同的記號(hào),以便查找)。
3.要注意找出主題句,利用主題句來(lái)查找有關(guān)信息。一般說來(lái),論述性較強(qiáng)的文章或說明文,每一段或相關(guān)的幾段里總有一句話是主題句。讀了主題句后,便能知道這一段大致的中心內(nèi)容,因?yàn)橹黝}句概括了全段的主要內(nèi)容,而該段其余的句子則是用來(lái)闡述或說明主題句的。
4.一定要掌握好解題速度,有效地控制考試時(shí)間,先易后難是考試時(shí)答題的一般方法。碰到難題時(shí),千萬(wàn)不要鉆牛角尖,耽誤太多時(shí)間。一時(shí)做不出的題,要果斷舍棄,以免影響解別的較有把握的題。待全部題解完后,如有剩余時(shí)間再回來(lái)做放棄的題。
5.對(duì)于一般不影響句子或全文理解的生詞,可以放過去,不必務(wù)求理解。遇到重要生詞時(shí),不要著急,也不要輕易放棄,我們可以采取根據(jù)上下文來(lái)猜詞或根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來(lái)猜詞等方法來(lái)猜出這個(gè)詞的大致意思。
6.有的學(xué)生要用"順讀法",就是先讀短文后讀題目,然后再讀短文尋找正確答案。有的學(xué)生采用"倒讀法",就是先讀題目(四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不讀)后讀短文,最后尋找答案。我比較贊成"倒讀法",因?yàn)檫@種閱讀方法是帶著問題閱讀,目的明確,容易集中,能及時(shí)抓住文中與解題關(guān)系密切的信息,從而節(jié)省了閱讀時(shí)間?!暗棺x法"對(duì)表層理解的題目(提問時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等)效果最好,對(duì)深層理解的題目,要從短文的整體內(nèi)容出發(fā),進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié),分析所提供選項(xiàng),作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。
總之,解答這類題的中心步驟就是閱讀,既要閱讀短文,又要閱讀題目。閱讀時(shí)要注意閱讀技巧,提高閱讀效率。在做到以上幾點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,就可以對(duì)文章后面所給的問題,分別用"一次判斷"、"逐個(gè)分析"以及"排除法"等方式來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷解答了。
實(shí)例分析:
一、單句理解方面
Wearrivedtoolatetogetgoodseats.A.Whenwearrived,thegoodseatswerealreadytaken.B.Wewerelate,butwefoundsomegoodseats.C.Wegotgoodseatssometimeafterwearrived.D.Wehadtostandforthewholeshow.
分析與答案:所給句子的意思是“我們到達(dá)太晚了而沒能坐上好位子”。而這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的句意分別是:A.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí),好位子已被別人占了;B.我們?nèi)ネ砹耍俏覀冋业揭恍┖梦蛔?;C.我們到達(dá)后的一段時(shí)間才坐上好位子;D.整個(gè)演出時(shí)間我們不得不站著。由此可見,選項(xiàng)A更接近所給句子的意思,因而選項(xiàng)A是正確答案或最佳答案。
二、語(yǔ)篇理解方面
1.試用"倒讀法"解下面各題:
(1)Thegreatship,"Titanic"setofffromEnglandto______.A.AustraliaB.theUSAC.ArabiaD.Europe
(2)Peoplethenthoughtitwassafetobeontheshipbecause__________.A.ithad16compartmentsB.ithadmorelifeboatsthanothershipsC.itcouldnotsinkevenif4compartmentsworebrokenD.bothAandC
(3)Theshipwashit_______.A.whenitstartedtocrosstheseaB.whenaverylargeicebergwassuddenlyseenaheadC.soonafteritturnedquicklyontimeD.soonafterithadcrossedthesea
(4)About1,500peopleweredeadbecause________.A.theshipwasthelargestandfinestB.4ofthosecompartmentswerebrokenC.hundredsofpeoplejumpedoutintothewaterD.therewerenotenoughlifeboats
(5)Whichisthebesttitle(標(biāo)題)forthepassage(短文)?A.HowDoesthe"Titanic"GoDown?B.HowWastheGreatShipSinking?C.TheSinkingofthe"Titanic"D.TheSinkingofaShip
分析與答案:利用倒讀的方法,我們可以從(1)到(4)中迅速了解到theship"Titanic"從英國(guó)航行到某地去,為什么那么多人喪生等。在閱讀短文時(shí),很快就能抓住有關(guān)信息,輕而易舉地找出正確答案(分別是B、D、C、D)。短文如下:
Thegreatship,"Titanic"(泰坦尼克號(hào)),setoffforAmericainApril1912onitsfirst
trip.Itwascarryingmorethan2,000people.
The"Titanic"wasthelargestandfinestshipatthattime.Peoplethoughtitwassafetobeontheshipbecauseithad16compartments(密封艙)withit.Evenif(即使是)4ofthosewerebroken,itwouldstillbeabletostayonthesea.
Fourdayslater,whenthe"Titanic"wascrossingthesea,themanonwatchsuddenlysawaverylargeicebergahead.Thegreatshipturnedquicklyontime,butbeforelongtherewasasoundfrombelow.Thecaptainwentdowntoseewhatwasthematter.Tohissurprise,hefoundtheshipwassinkingfastbecause5compartmentshadbeenbroken!Hundredsofpeoplejumpedoutintothewater.Astherewerenotenoughlifeboats,about1,500liveswerelost.
(5)是問短文的最好標(biāo)題的,屬于深層理解,當(dāng)你讀了短文就會(huì)明白最好的標(biāo)題不是A(Titanic是如何下去的),也不是B(這艘大船是如何正在下沉的),也不是D(一只船的下沉),而是C("Titanic"號(hào)沉船事件)。
2.利用"順讀法",解下列各題:
JamesWatt(詹姆斯·瓦特)andtheKettle(水壺)
JamesWattwasanEnglishboy.Helikedtoaskquestionsandwasalwaysthinkinghard.
Onedayhewassittinginthekitchen(廚房)withhisgrandmother.Therehesawakettleonthestove(爐子)。
Soonsteambegantoriseoutofthekettle,andthelidwasshaking."Grandma,what''''sinthekettle?"heasked.
"Water,mychild.Nothingbutwater."
"ButIknowthereissomethingelse.Itpushesthelidup."
"Oh,that''''sonlysteam."
"Howdoesthesteamgetunderthelid?"
"Itcomesfromthehotwater."
Theboysaidtohimself."Thesteammustbeverystrong.Itcanpushthings.Ifthereismorewater,thesteamwillbemuchstronger."ManyyearslaterJamesWatttriedhardandsucceededinmakingsteamworkforpeople.Hegavetheworlditsfirststeamengine(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)).
Ⅰ.Findthewordfromthisstoryaccordingtothephrases.
1)athingforboilingwater:k________
2)athinginwhichfireburningforwarmingorcooking:s________
3)movable(可移動(dòng)的)coverforopening:I_________
4)gain(收獲)whatoneistryingtodo:s_________
5)useforceonsomethingtomakeitmoveaway:p_________
Ⅱ.Accordingtothestory,choosethecorrectanswer:
1)JamesWattwasfrom_________.A.AmericaB.AustraliaC.EnglandD.Germany
2)Therewas________onthestove.A.abasinB.akettleC.ajarD.apan
3)GrandmatoldlittleWattwhythelidofthekettlewasupanddown.Itwasbecause___________.A.thestreampusheditB.theboymoveditC.thelidmoveditselfD.someonecameanddidit
4)ManyyearslaterWattinvented________.A.thefirstsewingmachineB.thefirstcomputerC.thefirstbikeD.thefirststeamengine
5)JamesWattwas_________.A.afamouswriterB.afamousdriverC.afamousscientistD.afamousmusician
分析與答案:題1也是做閱讀理解的常見題,先把所給的詞組或短語(yǔ)意思弄清,然后從短文中找單詞就不難了。1)意為"燒開水的工具",這就是kettle。2)意為"能在其中燃燒用以取暖或燒飯的東西",這就是stove。3)意為"能打開并可移動(dòng)的東西",這就是lid。4)意為"通過努力去做而取得的收獲",這就是succeed。5)意為"在某物上用力使其移動(dòng)”,這就是push。
Ⅱ)
1)選C。短文中第一句話就告訴我們詹姆斯·瓦特是個(gè)英國(guó)人。
2)選B。答案A是盆,C是個(gè)罐子,D則是平底鍋,根據(jù)短文只能選B。
3)選A。短文中的奶奶告訴瓦特蒸汽來(lái)自熱水。壺蓋的上下波動(dòng)的力既不是瓦特做的,也不是有人進(jìn)來(lái)動(dòng)的,更不可能是壺蓋自己產(chǎn)生的力動(dòng)的。
篇7
Australia is the greatest island in the world. It is to the south of the equator. So when it is summer in our country, it is cold winter in Australia.
Australia is big, but the population(人口)there is thin. The population is the same as that of Shanghai, a city of China. Australia is young and diverse nation and Australian people come from many different countries.
Australia has many, many sheep. After a short drive from town, you will see sheep around you. You can also find kangaroo has a “bag” below its chest. The mother kangaroo keeps its baby in the “bag”.
Australia is considered to be a relaxed, informal society(社會(huì)). When greeting others, students and young people say “Hello” or “Hi”. Sometimes they will say “How’s it going?” or“G day”. In more formal(正式的)situations they usually shake hands the first time they meet. “Good morning”, “Good afternoon” or “Pleased to meet you” are formal greetings. English is Australia’s national language.
1. Australia is the greatest island in the world. The word “island” may mean _______.
A. 國(guó)家 B. 城市 C. 山脈 D. 島嶼
2. Australia has the same population as _______.
A. Shanghai B. China C. Beijing D. Japan
3. When it is summer in Australia, it is _______ in China.
A. spring B. autumn C. winter D. summer
4. When Australian people meet for the first time, they will _______.
A. kiss each other B. hug(擁抱)each other
C. nod head to other D. shake hands
5. Which statement is right, according to the passage?
A. Australia has a large population.
B. Kangaroo is a kind of sheep in Australia.
C. Young people always say “How’s it going?” or “G day” to greet others.
D. When you drive in Australia, you can see many horses.
B
In the world, soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.
To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup, children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream(夢(mèng)幻) World Cups ”in Japan. The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗幟)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea. The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama. Some football teams will have games there.
Are you a football fan(迷)?The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.
1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______.
A. Many football fans B. a very good team
C. many football player D. a big playground
2. The next World Cup will be held in_______.
A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 2004
3. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________.
A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars
C. a sunny sky D. flowers
4. In “Dream World Cup”,the children drew the flags of some countries______.
A. to show their love for their owe country
B. to tell the people their stories
C. to show their good wishes for the football teams
D. to show their new ideas about football
5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.
A. they are interested in football B. they are football fans
C. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C
C
Henry was an office worker in a big city.
Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays. He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.”
“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I’ll spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They’ll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.” He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm.
But four days later, he returned home.
“What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didn’t you enjoy country life?”
“Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”
“Oh. What?”
Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.”
“What’s wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.”
“I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”
“Lucky you!”
“You don’t understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.”
“A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!”
“Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didn’t dare (敢)stay for dinner!”
1.How did Henry find out about the farm?
A. He saw it in a newspaper advertisement. B. His best friend told him.
C. He wrote to the farmer. D. Maybe he learned it from the radio.
2. Henry came back home several days later because ________.
A. he didn't like the country life at all B. the farmer wasn’t friendly to him
C. his holiday was over D. he thought he might have to eat the farmer
3. “…and you are complaining!”, the word “complain” means ______.
A.夸獎(jiǎng) B.解釋 C.抱怨 D.故弄玄虛
4.Which of the following sentences is true?
A. Ed could eat a different kind of meat every day.
B. Henry thought he could enjoy a change.
C. Henry couldn’t think of anything else to do, so he went to the farm.
D. The farmer died because of the bad meat he ate.
5.Which is the best title for the passage?
A. What a beautiful farm! B. Have a good time.
C.A short holiday D. Henry and the farmer.
篇8
《母親》閱讀理解答案
①我5歲的時(shí)候,正處于中國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)艱難的歲月。生活留給我最初的記憶是母親坐在一棵白花盛開的梨樹下,用一根洗衣用的紫紅色的棒槌,在一塊白色的石頭上,捶打野菜的情景。綠色的汁液流到地上,濺到母親的胸前,空氣中彌漫著野菜汁液苦澀的氣味。那棒槌敲打野菜發(fā)出的聲音,沉悶而潮濕,讓我的心感到一陣陣地緊縮。
②這是一個(gè)有聲音、有顏色、有氣味的畫面,是我人生記憶的起點(diǎn),也是我文學(xué)道路的起點(diǎn)。這個(gè)記憶的畫面中更讓我難以忘卻的是,愁容滿面的母親,在辛苦地勞作時(shí),嘴里竟然哼唱著一支小曲!我母親她一生中遭受的苦難,真是難以盡述。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、饑餓、疾病,在那樣的苦難中,是什么樣的力量支撐她活下來(lái),是什么樣的力量使她在饑腸轆轆、疾病纏身時(shí)還能歌唱?我在母親生前,一直想跟她談?wù)勥@個(gè)問題,但每次我都感到?jīng)]有資格向母親提問。
③有一段時(shí)間,村子里連續(xù)自殺了幾個(gè)女人,我莫名其妙地感到了一種巨大的恐懼。那時(shí)候我們家正是最艱難的時(shí)刻,父親被人誣陷,家里存糧無(wú)多,母親舊病復(fù)發(fā),無(wú)錢醫(yī)治。我總是擔(dān)心母親走上自尋短見的絕路。每當(dāng)我下工歸來(lái)時(shí),一進(jìn)門就要大聲喊叫,只有聽到母親的回答時(shí),心中才感到一塊石頭落了地。有一次下工回來(lái)已是傍晚,母親沒有回答我的呼喊,我急忙跑到牛欄、磨房、廁所里去尋找,都沒有母親的蹤影。我感到最可怕的事情發(fā)生了,不由地大聲哭起來(lái)。這時(shí),母親從外邊走了進(jìn)來(lái)。母親對(duì)我的哭泣非常不滿,她認(rèn)為一個(gè)人尤其是男人不應(yīng)該隨便哭泣。她追問我為什么哭。我含糊其詞,不敢對(duì)她說出我的擔(dān)憂。母親理解了我的意思,她對(duì)我說:“孩子,放心吧,閻王爺不叫我是不會(huì)去的!”這是一個(gè)母親對(duì)她的憂心忡忡的兒子做出的莊嚴(yán)承諾?,F(xiàn)在,盡管母親已經(jīng)被閻王爺叫去了,但母親這句話里所包含著的面對(duì)苦難掙扎著活下去的勇氣,將永遠(yuǎn)伴隨著我,激勵(lì)著我。
④在那些饑餓的歲月里,我看到了許多因?yàn)轲囸I而喪失了人格尊嚴(yán)的情景,譬如為了得到一塊豆餅,一群孩子圍著村里的糧食保管員學(xué)狗叫。保管員說,誰(shuí)學(xué)得最像,豆餅就賞賜給誰(shuí)。我也是那些學(xué)狗叫的孩子中的一個(gè)。大家都學(xué)得很像。保管員便把那塊豆餅遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地?cái)S了出去,孩子們蜂擁而上搶奪那塊豆餅。這情景被我父親看到眼里。回家后,父親嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)了我。爺爺也嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)了我。爺爺對(duì)我說:嘴巴就是一個(gè)過道,無(wú)論是山珍海味,還是草根樹皮,吃到肚子里都是一樣的,何必為了一塊豆餅而學(xué)狗叫呢?人應(yīng)該有骨氣!他們的話,當(dāng)時(shí)并不能說服我,因?yàn)槲抑郎秸浜N逗筒莞鶚淦こ缘蕉亲永锊⒉灰粯?!但我也感到了他們的話里有一種尊嚴(yán),這是人的尊嚴(yán),也是人的風(fēng)度。人,不能像狗一樣活著。
⑤饑餓的歲月使我體驗(yàn)和洞察了人性的復(fù)雜和單純,使我認(rèn)識(shí)到了人性的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn),使我看透了人的本質(zhì)的某些方面。我的父母、祖父母和許多像他們一樣的人,為我樹立了光輝的榜樣。這些普通人身上的寶貴品質(zhì),是一個(gè)民族能夠在苦難中不墮落的根本保障,也正是文學(xué)的靈魂。
19、文章第①段,母親捶打野菜情景的描寫很有特點(diǎn),試作賞析。(3分)
20、理解文中兩處劃?rùn)M線句子的含義。(4分)
(1)愁容滿面的母親,在辛苦地勞作時(shí),嘴里竟然哼唱著一支小曲!
(2)孩子,放心吧,閻王爺不叫我是不會(huì)去的!
21、第③段中,畫曲線句子“有一段時(shí)間,村子里連續(xù)自殺了幾個(gè)女人,我莫名其妙地感到了一種巨大的恐懼?!痹谖恼陆Y(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上有何作用?(4分)
22、根據(jù)文意,請(qǐng)補(bǔ)寫出第④段中父親嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)我的話。(不超過40字)(3分)
23、本文題目為“母親”,但文中又用了不少文字寫了父親和爺爺,請(qǐng)結(jié)合全文探究作者這樣安排的原因。(4分)
參考答案:
19、從聽覺、視覺、嗅覺方面描寫母親捶打野菜的情景,構(gòu)成了一幅有動(dòng)作、有聲音、有顏色、有氣味的勞動(dòng)場(chǎng)面。
20、1)母親不逃避困難和不幸,樂觀頑強(qiáng)的面對(duì)困難;2)面對(duì)苦難要堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的活下去,表現(xiàn)母親的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和責(zé)任感;這種莊嚴(yán)的承諾,是為了消除兒子的擔(dān)憂,體現(xiàn)了母愛的偉大。
21、照應(yīng)前文“正處于中國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)艱難的時(shí)期”,引出下文我對(duì)母親的擔(dān)憂;體現(xiàn)生活的艱難、人性的脆弱,反襯母親的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。
篇9
Mr Perkin’s New Car
Mr Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by. Many of the cars were new Beta 400s, and most of them were yellow. Mr Perkin always wore the same clothes as other men, ate the same food as other people, and did the same things after work, and at the end of the week, Mr Perkin did not like to be different. The following week, Mr Perkin bought a new, bright yellow Beta 400s. He was satisfied with it, and drove to work in it the very next day. He was even more satisfied with his new car, when he saw all the other Beta 400s, in front, behind, and on both sides of him. Mr Perkin parked(停車) his car in a big car-park(停車場(chǎng)) near his office, and walked the rest of the way. But when he came back at five o’clock, there were so many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know which car was his. He tried his key in some of the cars, but people passing by gave him a look he didn’t like. So he stopped. Poor Mr Perkin had to wait nearly two hours until his was the only yellow Beta 400s in the car-park.
1. Mr Perkin wanted a new yellow Beta 400s because_____________.
A. the bus did not come.
B. he liked new clothes, food and cars.
C. he liked to do the same as other people.
D. he liked to be different from others.
2. He drove to work in his new car_____________.
A. the very next day.
B. the day he bought it.
C. a week he bought in.
D. on the day he first watched the cars passing.
3. He was satisfied with his new car because_____________.
A. no one else had a yellow one.
B. it was the same as other cars all around him.
C. he was in front of all the other cars.
D. other cars were not as bright as his.
4. At five o’clock Mr Perkin_____________.
A. walked home. B. drove his car out of the car-park.
C. came back to the car-park. D. did not know which was his car-park.
5. People gave him a look because_____________.
A. he had a nice new car.
B. he could not open the door of his car.
C. he was in the wrong car-park.
D. he was trying to open more than one car.
6. Mr Perkin had to wait until_____________.
A. there was only one yellow Beta 400s in the car-park.
B. there was only one car in the car-park.
C. there were no bright yellow cars in the car-park.
D. there was no one about to look at him.
(二)
A lot of boys and girls in America are wearing the same clothes and many of them have long hair. So it is often difficult to tell whether they are boys or girls. One day an old man went for a walk in a park in Washington, and he was tired, he sat down on a bench(長(zhǎng)凳). A young person was standing on the other side of the pond(水池). “Excuse me,” the old man said to the person next to him on the bench, “Do you see the person with the red trousers and long hair? Is it a boy or a girl?” “A girl,” said his neighbour, “She is my daughter.” “Oh,” the old said quickly, “I am sorry, but I didn’t know that you were her mother.” “I’m not,” said the other person. “I’m her father.”
1. It isn’t often easy to tell whether many of American children are boys or girl ____.
A. because they all look like each other
B. because they have long hair and wear the same clothes.
C. because they are wearing the same kinds of caps and shoes.
2. One day an old man went for a walk in ____.
A. the street in Washington
B. the Washington Park in America
C. in a park in Washington
3. There were ____ persons beside the pond, they are ____.
A. three…a man, a woman and a girl
B. three…two men and a girl
C. two…a man and a girl
4. The young person standing on the other side of the ____ was ____.
A. bench…the other’s boy
B. pond…the old man’s daughter
C. pond…the daughter of the old man’s neighbour
5. The young person wore ____.
A. a pair of red trousers
B. on a pair of red trousers
C. with a pair of red trousers
6. The old man thought his neighbour was the girl’s ____.
A. mother B. father C. brother
(三)
Your Passport(護(hù)照) Please!
Mr Hill arrives at London Airport, at the end of a three week holiday in France. Usually he wears a beard(留胡須). Since it has been hot there, he has taken it off. But his passport photo shows him with his beard.
An office looks at the photo for a moment, and says: “Will you excuse me? Please sit down. I shan’t keep you long.” With this, he walks away, shows the photo to a second office, and says: “I know that face.” The second officer looks at the passport and asks where Mr Hill has come from. When he hears that Mr Hill has arrived back from Paris, the second officer smiled and says: “An Englishman with a beard stole a painting in Paris on Friday, And that man looks just the kind of man…” Suddenly it comes to the first officer who Mr Hill is. He returns to him, and asks: “Did you teach at the No.2 . High School?” When Mr Hill answers, in surprise, that he did, the first officer smiles and says: “I thought so. I’m Jack Smith. You taught me French. You haven’t changed a bit.”
1. Mr Hill ____.
A. has just come back from the airport.
B. is on his way to Paris.
C. spent three weeks in Paris before he went to France.
D. has been in France for three weeks
2. Mr Hill ____.
A. has a beard on his face but not in his photo
B. grew a beard while he was on holiday
C. has a beard in his photo but not on his face
D. took his beard off long before he went on holiday.
3. The first officer is sure ____.
A. Mr Hill stole the painting
B. he has seen the face in the photo before
C. he knows the second officer’s face
D. a man without a beard stole the painting
4. The second officer says that ____.
A. Mr Hill stole the painting
B. a man with a beard, from France, stole a painting in English
C. an Englishman took his beard off and stole a painting
D. a man with a beard, from England, stole a painting in Paris.
5. Mr Hill taught ____.
A. Jack Smith French at the No. 2 High School
B. Jack Smith to be a first officer
C. at the No.2 High School, in France
D. French some years ago and his name was Smith, not Hill
(四)
A long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some countries people even said that the sun was a god. They thought the god drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all way round the sun. Today men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the sun. The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than million times larger.
1. A long time ago, people said the sun was ____.
A. a golden horse of god B. a god on a golden horse
C. a god with golden dress D. a god and a golden horse
2. The earth travels over ____ miles an hour.
A. 1,000 B. 100,000 C. 6,000,000 D. 600,000
3. One year is ____
A. the time for the earth to turn round.
B. the time the earth travels one thousand miles.
C. one circle the earth goes round the sun.
D. the journey of the earth.
(五)
The Farmer, His Horse, and His son
Once there was an old farmer, with a horse which was almost as old as himself. He set out one morning with his son to sell the horse before it died. Father and son walked, because the farmer did not want the horse to be too tired. They met two men on the road who said, “Why are you walking, farmer? You have a horse, It’s a long way to the market.” The farmer know that this was true, so he rode on the horse, while his son walked. Then they met two old women, “What are you doing up there, farmer? Can’t you see how tired boy is?” So the farmer got down, and his son rode instead. Next, three old men stopped them, one said, “Why are you walking, farmer? Get up, It’s too hot for an old man like you to walk today,” So the farmer got up behind his son, and they rode on. Some time later, a young woman passed them, “Why aren’t you walking?” she asked, “It isn’t far to the market. Give your poor horse a rest.” So the farmer, and his son, got down once again. It is a fact that you cannot please all the people all the time.
1. The farmer wanted to sell the horse ____.
A. before it was dead B. before it become too tired
C. before it market was over D. before it was as old as he was
2. The two men on the road ____.
A. asked how far it was to the market
B. said they thought the horse looked very tired
C. asked why the farmer was not riding on his horse
D. told the farmer’s son to get off the horse and walk
3. The two old women said it was wrong for ____.
A. the farmer to ride such a tired horse
B. the farmer to ride while his young son walked
C. the boy to ride instead of his father
D. only one person to ride such a long way
4. The farmer got up behind his son because ____.
A. the old man said it was too hot for him to walk
B. the three old men stopped them on the road
C. he did not know why he was walking
D. his son could not ride the horse by himself
5. The young woman was most sorry ____.
A. for the old man B. for the farmer’s young son
C. that it was not far to the market D. for the horse
(六)
I Want to Be a Dustman
Tom was ten years old, and he was a very lazy boy, He didn’t like doing any work. He had to go to school of course, but he didn’t study hard there and tried to do as little work as possible. His father and mother were both doctors and they hoped that their son would become one, too, when he grew up. But one day Tom said to his mother, “When I finish school, I want to be a dustman.” “A dustman?” his mother asked, she was very surprised. “That’s not a very pleasant job, why do you want to become a dustman?” “Because then I would only have to work one day a week.” Tom answered at once. “Only one day a week?” his mother said, “What do you mean? And how do you know?” “Well”, Tom replied, “I know that the dustmen who come to our house on work on Thursday, because I only see them on that day.”
1. What kind of boy was Tom?
A. Tom was a clver boy.
B. Tom was a boy who didn’t like to work.
C. Tom was a boy who worked very hard.
2. What were his father and mother?
A. His father was a doctor and his mother was a nurse.
B. His father was a worker, his mother was a doctor.
C. His father was a doctor, so his mother.
3. What did his parents want him to be when he grew up?
A. They wanted him to be a dustman.
B. They wanted him to be an officer.
C. They wanted him to be a doctor.
4. What did Tom say he wanted to be?
A. Tom said that he wanted to be a person who collected rubbish and emptied the dustbins.
B. Tom said that he wanted to be a person who taught the children at school.
C. Tom said that he wanted to be a person who worked in a hospital.
5. Why did Tom think that dustmen only worked one day a week?
A. Because Tom heard of this.
B. Because one of the dustmen had told him before.
C. Because Tom had seen the dustmen only on Thurday at his house.
閱讀理解答案
篇10
一、培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣,是提高閱讀理解與速度的前提條件
良好的閱讀習(xí)慣是提高閱讀速度和閱讀理解能力的先決條件,很多學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)閱讀時(shí)由于各種原因,容易養(yǎng)成不良的閱讀習(xí)慣,從而影響閱讀效率、影響英語(yǔ)閱讀能力的提高。比如,1.音讀,即出聲閱讀的習(xí)慣,包括唇誦、喉誦;2.指讀,即用手指,鋼筆或其他東西指著一個(gè)一個(gè)詞進(jìn)行閱讀的習(xí)慣,這種單純的機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響閱讀的速度,而且還會(huì)把注意力引向錯(cuò)誤的方向;3.復(fù)視即回視、重讀現(xiàn)象,閱讀能力差的人往往過分依賴復(fù)視,以至于養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣;另外,還有諸如頭的擺動(dòng)、查字典、一邊閱讀一邊轉(zhuǎn)筆等等,這些都是影響閱讀速度和效率的不良習(xí)慣,在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中,教師要注重強(qiáng)調(diào)這些習(xí)慣對(duì)提高閱讀能力的影響,提醒學(xué)生注意克服這些不良習(xí)慣,同時(shí)要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成如下幾種良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。
1.培養(yǎng)良好視讀習(xí)慣。善于運(yùn)用眼睛掃視,通過視覺,培養(yǎng)直接感知文字符號(hào)的視讀能力。教師在訓(xùn)練中要選擇難度適宜的材料和讀物,方便學(xué)生閱讀時(shí)不會(huì)因遇到生詞或不懂的短語(yǔ),句子和段落而反復(fù)回讀,提醒學(xué)生閱讀時(shí)盡量控制自己做到一眼讀完就讀懂。
2.培養(yǎng)篇章閱讀意識(shí)習(xí)慣。教師要求學(xué)生把注意力放在整篇文章上,不要過多地考慮每個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)的意思;碰到生詞要通過邏輯思維大膽猜測(cè)詞義或者直接跳過,閱讀過程中以抓住文章中心思想為主要目的等。
3.培養(yǎng)尋找文章主題句和關(guān)鍵詞的習(xí)慣。在閱讀訓(xùn)練時(shí),教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意不同文章體裁中句與句之間或者段落與段落之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,提醒學(xué)生各種體裁文章的主題句與關(guān)鍵詞一般出現(xiàn)在什么位置,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生識(shí)別主題句及關(guān)鍵詞的能力,讓學(xué)生養(yǎng)成抓住關(guān)鍵詞和主題句的習(xí)慣。
二、課內(nèi)閱讀與課外閱讀相結(jié)合
高中英語(yǔ)大綱明確指出:“要提高學(xué)生閱讀能力,單純通過教科書中的課文教學(xué)是不夠的,還要根據(jù)學(xué)生的具體情況,有計(jì)劃地指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在課外閱讀一定數(shù)量的讀物?!彼岳蠋煴仨氁颜n堂教學(xué)閱讀與課外閱讀結(jié)合起來(lái),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生多閱讀課外資料。
課堂教學(xué)主要適用于精讀,精讀是傳授系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí),如語(yǔ)音,語(yǔ)法,詞匯,篇章結(jié)構(gòu),語(yǔ)言功能意念等;訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)言的聽,說,讀,寫,譯等基本技能。學(xué)生進(jìn)行精讀訓(xùn)練的一般步驟是先疏通詞匯,粗知文章的輪廓及大概,再研究文章的結(jié)構(gòu),弄清文章的內(nèi)部聯(lián)系,然后深入重點(diǎn),剖析語(yǔ)言,分析內(nèi)容,把握文章的重點(diǎn),最后綜合歸納,領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的意圖。精讀實(shí)質(zhì)上是綜合訓(xùn)練,大量時(shí)間用于為語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的復(fù)用掌握而安排的聽、說、寫操練上,讀的專門訓(xùn)練不夠,不適用于閱讀速度和理解能力的訓(xùn)練。
而課外閱讀是幫助學(xué)生擴(kuò)大詞匯量、提高閱讀速度、增強(qiáng)文化背景知識(shí)、培養(yǎng)閱讀興趣的有效途徑;是培養(yǎng)細(xì)致觀察語(yǔ)言以及假設(shè)、判斷、分析、歸納、推理、論證等邏輯思維的能力及提高閱讀理解能力的關(guān)鍵。教師要有計(jì)劃的引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行課外閱讀,要教給學(xué)生課外閱讀的正確方法。
課外閱讀與課堂精讀方法不同,一般運(yùn)用泛讀來(lái)閱讀材料,精讀和詞匯是泛讀的前提,泛讀是增加詞匯積累,擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面和提高速度的有效方法,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的泛讀能力,提高閱讀速度及獲取信息的能力。
另外,教師還要注意課外閱讀的選材,太難,太易都不能引起學(xué)生的興趣;另外,題材要廣泛,既要有知識(shí)性又要有趣味性;文章體裁要多樣,并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握各種體裁的文章結(jié)構(gòu)特征,總結(jié)歸納出各類文章體裁的規(guī)律。
三、重視閱讀資料的內(nèi)容與形式相結(jié)合
很多學(xué)生對(duì)于閱讀理解僅僅著眼于了解課文內(nèi)容上,認(rèn)為理解了文章中的語(yǔ)言文字所表達(dá)的意義及作者的觀點(diǎn)即可以了,而對(duì)文章的體裁和各種體裁是如何安排篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的卻往往忽視,其實(shí),只有把理解文章和語(yǔ)言所表達(dá)的思想內(nèi)容與理解文章和語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)形式有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái),才稱得上是真正意義上的閱讀,而關(guān)注各類文章體裁的結(jié)構(gòu)形式對(duì)于提高閱讀理解和獲取文章信息具有很大的幫助。
高中英語(yǔ)教材的閱讀材料體裁多種多樣,有記敘文、說明文、小說、傳記,還有書信、日記戲劇、詩(shī)歌等,這些不同內(nèi)容的文體都有不同形式結(jié)構(gòu),不同的體裁從結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作手法上都有所不同。如寫人,就要寫出人物的言行舉止和心理感受;如記事,就要記清楚事情的來(lái)龍去脈;如議論文,就要有相關(guān)的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。不同體裁的文章結(jié)構(gòu)格式也不相同,新聞報(bào)道有新聞報(bào)道的格式,書信有書信的格式等等。
教師在課堂上要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生去發(fā)現(xiàn)這些不同體裁文章的文章結(jié)構(gòu)和他們之間的區(qū)別,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意不同文體在閱讀過程中要注意哪些文章的問題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié)出每種文章體裁的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作方式,讓學(xué)生在閱讀過程中做到心中有數(shù),能夠較快地抓住文章的段落主旨和重要信息,忽略次要、冗余的信息,直接找到主題句,使閱讀快捷和準(zhǔn)確。
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