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篇1

Thispapercontainsthreeparts:thesourcesofEnglishproverbs、thefunctionsofEnglishproverbsandtherhetoricaldevicesofEnglishproverbs.

Firstly,itintroducesthesourcesofEnglishproverbs.Proverbshavealonghistory.Theyarebriefandwell-polishedexpressionsembeddedinphilosophicalideasconcerningdifferentaspectsoflife.Theyarethesummaryofpeopleexperienceineverydaylife,sotheyoriginatedfrompeople’sdailylifeandexperience.Tobespecific,theycomefromfolklife,religion,mythology,literaryworks,otherlanguages,famouswriters’wisdom,anation’shistoryandsoon.

Secondly,itmentionsthefunctionofEnglishproverbs.Itsfunctionistoteachandadvisepeoplewhattheyseeintheirlives.ManyEnglishproverbsguidepeopletoadoptacorrectattitudetowardslifeandtotakeaproperwaytogetalongwellwithothers.Someotherproverbstellpeoplewhattodoandhowtodoit,sotheproverbsguidepeople’sdailylife.Fromthem,peoplemaybroadentheirknowledgeandoutlook.

Thirdly,itdescribestheirrhetoricaldevices.Englishproverbsarerichandcolorful.WithregardtotheeverlastingcharmoftheEnglishproverbs,therearemanydifferentreasons.Themostimportantoneistheextensiveuseofrhetoricaldevicesandrhythmaticalways,sotheirlanguageisfullofimageandvividnessandhasastrongartisticbeautyandpower.

［KeyWords］Englishproverbs；sources；functions；rhetoricaldevices

諺語豐富多彩，生動雋永，反映了每個(gè)民族追崇的重要而獨(dú)特的文化價(jià)值觀。諺語簡單通俗，精辟凝練，尤其以朗朗的口語形態(tài)承傳沿用，漸漸成為民族主流文化不可缺少的一部分。

這篇論文包含三個(gè)部分：英語諺語的來源，英語諺語的功能及其修辭。第一部分是介紹英語諺語的來源，英語諺語源遠(yuǎn)流長，是人類日常生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的結(jié)晶。它來源于日常生活與經(jīng)驗(yàn)，確切地說，來源于民間生活，宗教，神話，文學(xué)著作，其他語言，名人名言以及國家歷史等。第二部分是介紹英語諺語的功能，諺語的功能是教育和指導(dǎo)人們在日常生活中所碰到的情況，同時(shí)它們引導(dǎo)人們采取正確的態(tài)度對待生活。從諺語中，人們可以拓寬自己的知識面，避免出錯(cuò)，具有敏銳的觀察力的人從中受益非淺。第三部分是介紹英語諺語的修辭：英語諺語豐富多彩，具有永恒的魅力，其原因之一就是應(yīng)用了大量的修辭格和押韻方法，這就使諺語更形象，生動并具有強(qiáng)烈的藝術(shù)美和感染力。

英語諺語；來源；功能；修辭格

1.Introduction

Proverbsareshortsayingsoffolkwisdomofwell-knownfactsortruthscompendiousexpressedandinawaythatmakesthemeasytoremember.Becausetheproverbsaresobrief,theyhaveuniversalappeal.Manypeoplelovetopickupproverbs.Theuseofoneortwointheoriginallanguageisoftenaminorvictoryforthebeginningforeignlanguagelearners.Proverbsmayprovideinterestinglittleglimpsesorcluestoapeople’sgeography,history,socialorganization,socialviews,andattitudes.Peoplewholivealongseacoastsandwhoselivelihoodisdependentontheseawillhaveproverbsaboutsailing,aboutbravingtheweather,aboutfishandfishing.Incultureswhereoldageisrevered,therewillbeproverbsaboutthewisdomoftheelders.Andinsocietieswherewomen’sstatusislow,therewillbeanumberofsayingsdemeaningthem.

Proverbstellmuchaboutapeople''''straditionalwaysofexperiencingreality,abouttheproperorexpectedwaysofdoingthings,aboutvaluesandwarnings,andrulesandwisdomstheelderswanttoimpressonthemindsoftheiryoung.Theimportantcharacterofproverbs‘theshorterthebetter’makesiteasytocommitthemtomemoryforreadyrecallwhentheoccasioncallsforseriousorhumorouscommentorwarning.Createdbypeopleinhighandlowstatus,humblefolkandgreatauthors,borrowedfromancientorneighboringcultures,proverbshavebeenaccumulatingovermanycenturies.Someareonlylocallyknown;manyaresharedaroundtheworld.IfonewantstohavebetterknowledgeofEnglishculture，heshouldbefamiliarwiththesourcesandfunctionsofEnglishproverbs.

2.ThesourcesofEnglishproverbs

2.1Originatingfromfolklife

Proverbsarethesummaryofpeopleexperienceintheireverydaylife.Thesummarizedexperienceandreasonareabstractedfromthepracticeofpeople’slifeandwork.Theyexpresspeople’ssimpleandhealthythoughts,feelingsandsentiments.Moreoftenthannot,itrevealsauniversaltruthfromaparticularpointsoastoenlightenpeople.

Agreatnumbero

fproverbswerecreatedbyworkingpeoplesuchasseamen,hunters,farmers,workmen,housewivesandcooksandsoon,usingfamiliartermsthatwereassociatedwiththeirowntradesandoccupations.Forexample,Livingwithouttheaimislikesailingwithoutacompasswasfirstusedbyseamen;Ifyourunaftertwohares,youwillcatchneitherbyhunters;Aprilrainsforcorn,May,forgrassbyfarmers;NewbroomsweepscleanbyhousewivesandToomanycooksspoilthebrothbycooks,etc.Suchexpressionswereallcolloquialandinformalandonceconfinedtoalimitedgroupofpeopleengagedinthesametradeoractivity.Buttheywereprovedtobevivid,andforcibleandstimulating,solatertheybrokeoutoftheirboundsandgraduallygainedwideacceptance.Asaresult,theirearlystylisticfeaturesfadedinsomewayandmanyhavecometobecomepartofthecommoncoreoflanguage,nowbeingusedindifferentoccasions.

Someproverbsarerelatedtosomefolkpracticeandcustoms.Forexample,Goodwineneedsnobush.1ThisproverbisfromanancientpopularEnglishpractice.Inthepast,Englishwinemerchantstendedtohangsomeivybushesorapictureofivybushesontheirdoorsasasymbolofwineselling.Butsomemerchant’swinewassogoodthatitcan’tbeignoredwithoutsign.Thisinfactshowsthepastcommonpracticethatmerchantsofdifferenttradeswouldhangdifferentparticularthingsassignsfortheirgoods.

Anotherexampleisinvolvedwithpeople’sweddingpractice.Englishpeoplebelievedthatiftheweatherwerefineandsunnyonagirl-weddingday,thegirlwouldmostprobablyenjoyahappymarriagelife.Otherwise,allsortsofmisfortunesandtragedieswouldbefallonher.Becauseofthiscustom,EnglishpeoplehavegotaproverbHappyisthebridethatsunshineson.2ThisproverboriginatedfromthecommonpracticeinancientChina.Inthepast,younggirlsdidn’thavetherighttodecidewhomtomarry.Theirparentshadthefinaldecisionintheirmarriage.Usually,theparentswouldaskamatchmakerforhelp.Thematchmakerwentbetweentwofamiliesandpassedonthemessages.Finally,thegirl’sparentsmadethefinaldecisionwhetherthegirlwouldmarrythechosenboyornot.Thisisknownasarrangedmarriage.Suchamarriage,moreoftenthannot,wouldleadthecoupletoanunhappylife.Becausetheyseldomorevenneversaweachotherbefore,theyknewevenlittleabouttheotherparty’sbehaviorormanners,letalonehis/herpersonalityorvirtues.Itwasoftenbeyondthecouple’shopestoenjoyahappymarriage.

Someproverbscamefromancientpeopledeeplyrootedbeliefssuchastheirsuperstitioustendencyandbelief.Inthepast,Englishpeoplebelievedthatifapersonspoiledsaltfromthesaltbottle,misfortuneandbadluckwouldfollow.Thenthispersonmustscatterthespoiledsaltfromtheirleftshoulderssoastodriveofftheirillluck.Inturn,EnglishpeoplehavegottheproverbHelpmetosaltandyouhelpmetosorrow.3Someproverbscomefrompeople’sdistinctionbetweensexessuchastheirdiscriminationagainstwomen.Itcomesfromadeeplyrootedtraditionalviewpoint.SuchasThreewomenandagoosemakeamarket;Longhairandshortwit;Themorewomenlookintheirglass，thelesstheylooktotheirhouse.

2.2Originatingfromreligion

BibleisessentialforBritishandAmericancultures.ItissaidthattheirculturesarenotintegratedwithoutBible.ItissafetosaythatBibleinfluenceseveryaspectofitsdisciples’life.Consequently,manysayingsandsentencesinBiblehavebeenpopularlyaccepted.Theyhavebeendeeplyrootedamongpeopleandpeoplefrequentlyusethemtociteatruthorexpresstheirideaswithoutpayinganyattentiontotheiroriginsanymore.ThesesayingsarenolongeronlyconfinedtoreligionandtheyhavebecomeproverbswhichreflectEnglishpeoplereligiousfaithsuchasEverymanmustcarryhisowncrossThisproverbisfromBible,Matthew,onthegroundsofMatthew,themainideaislikethis:“Asthesoldierswentout,theycameuponamanfromCyrenenamedSimon;theycompelledthismantocarryJesus’cross.AndwhentheycametoaplacecalledGolgotha(whichmeansPlaceofaskull),theyofferedJesuswinetodrink,mixedwithgall;butwhenhetastedit,hewouldnotdrinkit.Andwhentheyhadcrucifiedhim,theydividedhisclothesamongthemselvesbycastinglots;thentheysatdownthereandkeptwatchingoverhim.Overhisheadtheyputthechargeagainst,whichread,“ThisisJesus,thekingoftheJews.””4Fromthis,wecanknowthatcrossmeanssufferings.Theproverbtendstotellusthateveryoneshouldputupwithmiseryindailylifeandundertakethelife’sburden.

AnotherproverbisalsofromtheBible:Onedoesn’tliveonlybybread.ItisfromtheBible,Deuteronomy，thegeneralideais:“RememberthelongwaythattheLordyourGodhasledyouthesefortyyearsinthewilderness,inordertohumbleyou,testingyoutoknowwhatwasinyourheart,whetherornotyouwouldkeephiscommandments.Hehumbledyoubylettingyouhunger,thenbyfeedingyouwithManna,withwhichneitheryounoryourancestorswereacquainted,inordertomakeyouunderstandthatonedoesnotlivebybreadalone,butbyeverywordthatcomesfromthemouthoftheLord.”5Fromthis,wecanknowthatmaterialisnottheonlythingthatisindispensabletomen.Spiritisalsoveryimportant.Isoneisonlysearchedformaterial,hewillbeconsideredasanimals,forthemostdistinctivecharacteristicbetweenmenandanimalsisthatmenhavepursuitofspiritbutanimalshaven’t.Manyimagesintheseproverbshavedidacticmeanings.

EnglishpeoplebelieveinChristianity,whichisbyfarthemostinfluentialreligioninthewest.Everyaspectofman’slifeistouchedbythisreligion,sothatithasbecomepartofwesternculture.AndtheBible,whichincludestheOldTestamentandtheNewTestament,isregardedasthescriptures.AlmosteveryfamilyhasaversionofBible,soithascometobeoneofthemajorsourcesofEnglishculture.ManyEnglishproverbsshowthedoctrinesoftheirreligion.Forexample,Letnotthylefthandknowwhatthyrighthanddoeth.6AccordingtothedoctrinesofBible:allhumanbeingsarebrothersandsisters,andtheyshouldhelpeachother.Sowhenyougivehandstoothers,neverkeepthememorythatyouhavehelpedthem.Anotherexample,Iftheblindleadtheblind,bothshallfallintotheditch.7Itimpliesthatifonehaslittleknowledge,itisdifficultforhimtoteachotherssomeusefulthings.Evenifhetriedtohelpothers,hewoulddonothinggoodtothem.

2.3Originatingfromliteraryworks

ManyEnglishproverbsinvolveeventsorcharactersofEnglishliterature,especiallyfromShakespeare.Shakespeare’sinsightintohumanbeings,hissensitivitytotheproblemofstate,andhisgeniuswithwordshaveleftaneverlastingmarkontheEnglishlanguageandthethinkingofEnglish-speakingpeopleallovertheworld.NativespeakersofEnglishquotehisworkseveryday,oftenwithoutrealizingtheyaredoingso.Althoughhisplayswerewrittenoverthreehundredyearsago,manyEnglishproverbsfromhisplaysarecitedcommonlyindailyEnglish.

Shakespeare’sworksareprobablythemostcolorfulliteratureoriginofproverbs.Forexample,Allisnotgoldthatglitters.ThisproverbisfromthegreatworksofShakespeareTheMerchantsofVenice.Itshowsusthatthosewhohaveagoodappearancearenotreallylearned.Soweshouldbecarefulnottobedeceivedbythosewhoaresuperficiallyflashybutwithoutsubstance.Anotherexample,Patienceperforceismedicineforamaddog8isfromShakespeare’sworksAntonyandCleopatra.Ittellsusthatthosewhocannotendureanythingwouldlosehistemperlikesamaddog.

ManyEnglishproverbsarealsofromTheFablesofAesop.Theseproverbsareveryconciseandhumorous,andtheyreflecttheessenceandthetruemeaningoflife.Itisveryeasyforpeopletounderstandthemandtoputthemintopractice.Manyofthemarepasseddowntilltoday.Forexample,Thecamelgoingtoseekhorns,losthisears.9Thegeneralideaoftheallusionis:acowshowedoffhishornsinfrontofacamel.Thecamelwasenviousofcow’shorns,soherequestedZeustogiveapairofhornstohim.Zeuswasveryangry,becausehethoughtthatthecamelwasgreedytoaskforhornswithhissohugebody.Atlast,hemadeadecisionthatheletthecamelhavehornsbutwiththecostofcuttingoffapartofhisears.Thisproverbtellsusthatifoneisgreedytooccupyeverything,hewillbepunishedbyhisgreed.

AnotherproverbisalsofromtheFablesofAesop.“Thegrapesaresour”,asthefoxsaidwhenhecouldnotreachthem.10Theallusion,whichthisproverbcamefrom,isgenerallylikethis:oneday,ahungryfoxsawalotofripegrapeshangingonthegrapevine.Hebeathisbrainshardbutcouldnotfindawaytopickthegrapes.Thehungrierhefelt,theangrierhegot.Finally,hegaveup.Inordertocomforthimself,“Thegrapesaresour”,thefoxsaidwhilewalkingaway.Nowadays,peoplewidelyuseittoexpressthatsomeonewhowantstotakeholdofsomethingwithallhiseffortbutfailstogetitwilllowerthevalueofthisthing.

Therearealsootherproverbs,suchas:Abarleycornisbetterthanadiamondtoacock.11Theallusion’smainideais:whenahungrycockwassearchedforfood,hesawadiamond.Thecocksaidtothediamond:“Tosomeonewhoadmiresyou,youareapreciousthing;buttome,youhavenovalueatall,forallvaluablethingcannotmatchwithabarley-corn.”Indeed,accordingtoourcommonsense,adiamondisfarmorevaluablethanabarley-corn.Buttoahungryman,especiallytosomeonewhoneedsgrainsbadly,hewouldchoosegrainsbutnottreasure,fortreasurecannotsatisfyhisstomach.Sothisproverbtendstoimplythatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentviewsnothesamething.Thesubmittingtoonewrongbringsonanother.12Theallusion,whichthisproverbcamefrom,isgenerallylikethis:asnakewasoftenriddendownbypeople,sohecomplainedittoZeus.Zeustoldhimthatifhebitsomeonewhofirstlytrampledonhim,thenextonewouldnottramplehim.Itshowsthatifoneputupwiththemistakehemadeatthefirsttime,hewillmakeanothersimilarmistake.Soweshouldgainalessonfromtheaboveallusionsoastoavoidmakingthesamemistakes.

2.4OriginatingfromGreekandRomanmythology

“WesternersareheirstoGreco-Romancivilization.ManyideasnowprevailinginwesterncountriescanbetracedbacktothethinkersinancientGreeceandRoman.GreekandRomanmythologiesarewellknowninthewestandhavebeardonastronginfluenceuponpeople’slivesinwesterncountries.ItisnaturalthatitbecomesacommonsourceofEnglishproverbs.”13

SomeproverbsarefromGreekandRomanmythology.Eachofthemhasanallusion.Forexample,TheDeviltoohasAchilles’heel.14AccordingtotheHomer,wecanknow:AchilleswasaGreekhero.Excepthisheel,everypartofAchilles’bodyisswordproof,sohisheelishisfataldefect.TheproverbtellsusthateventheDevilhashisweakness.Nomanisabsolutelypowerful.ThereisasimilarexamplefromRomanmythology.NotevenHerculescouldcontendagainsttwo.15Hercules,asonofZeus,wasaheroinRomanmythology.Hehadincredibleforce,whichhelpedhimgaintwelveheroicachievements.Althoughhewaspowerfulenough,hecouldn’tdefeatalargenumberofenemiesonhisown.Sotheproverbstellsusthatman’senergyislimitednomatterhowpowerfulheis.Anotherexample,withoutCeresandBacchus,Venusgrowscold.16CeresisRomangoddessofgrainandagriculture;BacchusistheGreetgodofwine;Venusisthegoddessofbeautyandlove.Fromthis,wecanknowthatCeresandBacchusstandforbasicnecessityoflife.Sotheproverbtendstoexpressthatlovecan’tbesweetwithoutmaterialsupport.

2.5Originatingfromotherlanguages

Withthedevelopmentofsociety,alanguagecannotavoidcontactingwithotherlanguages.Inthecontact,thecertainlanguagesurelyabsorbssomeproverbsfromothers.Withalonghistory,EnglishlanguageborrowedalargenumberofproverbswidelyfrommanyotherlanguagesincludingGreek,Latin,German,Italian,Spanish,Dutch,Hebrew,Arabic,Chinese,andotherlanguages,amongwhichLatin,GreekandFrenchprovidetherichestnutrition.MostoftheborrowedproverbsinEnglish,duetotheremotenessoftime,havealreadyassimilatedormergedintotheEnglishlanguagewiththeirtracesalmostimpossibletofollow.

ManyEnglishproverbsoriginatedfromFrench.17William,DukeofNormandy,France,landedhismightyarmyatPevensyanddefeatedSaxonkingHarold’smennearHastings.WilliamwascrownedaskingofEngland,andthenheopeneddoorstothecontinentandextendedcultureandcommercialrelationswithFrance.Norman-Franceculture,languageandarchitecturewereintroduced.TheconquerorsruledEnglandinalongperiodoftime,andmostofthegovernorsusedFrenchastheirformallanguage.AlthoughEnglandfinallywonhersovereignty,therewerestillmanyborrowedwordsfromFranceremained.Especially,EnglishpeopleacceptedmanyFrenchsayings.Forexample,Don’tputthecartbeforethehorse;Ventureasmallfishtocatchagreatone;Ifthelion’sskincannot,thefox’sshall.

ManyEnglishproverbscamefromLatin.18BecauseoftheintroductionofChristianityintoBritain,theinfluenceoftheNormanConquestandtheRenaissanceonEnglish,LatinwordshadmadetheirwayintotheEnglishlanguage.AmongtheseLatinwordstherealsoincludedmanyproverbs,whichgainedwideacceptanceofEnglishpeople.Suchas:Fortunefavorsthebrave;Hewhosayswhathelikes,shallhearwhathedoesnotlike;IfeartheGreeks,evenwhenbringinggifts;Thereisnorulewithoutanexceptionandsoon.

2.6Originatingfromfamouswriters’wisdom

FamouswritersprovidedoneoftherichestsourcesforEnglishproverbs,whichisonlynexttotheproverbsoffolkorigin.Wealsocansaythatmostproverbs,regardlessoftheirinitial,havebeenpolishedandpreservedandpopularizedbyfamouswritersintheirworks.ItisgenerallyagreedthatsuchfamouswritersasBacon,Pope,Franklinandsooncontributedquitealottothecreation,preservationandpopularizationofEnglishproverbs.

BaconisadistinguishedEnglishphilosopherandwriter.Heisnotedforastyleofthoroughexpositionandalternativemaxims.ManysentencesinBacon’sworkshavebecomegoldensayingandprevailedamongpeople.Forexample,Readingmakesafullmantellspeoplethatonlybyreadingcanapersonbecomelearnedandprofound.AnotherproverbKnowledgeispoweremphasizestheimportanceofknowledgeandencouragespeopletostudymoreandlearnmore.

PopeisanothercelebratedfigureinEnglishliterature.Heemphasizeseducationandknowledgeverymuch.Somesentencesfromhisworkshavebeenacceptedbythereadersandbecomedeeplyrootedamongpeople.TakeAlittlelearningisadangerousthingforexample.ThisdidacticproverbisasentenceinPopeAnEssayonCriticismanditreflectshisideasaboutknowledgeandlearning.

BenjaminFranklinisafamousAmericanstatesman,scientistandwriter.Manysayingsfromhisworkswerewidelyacceptedandenlightenpeople.Forexample,Littlestrokefellgreatoaks.19Ittellsusthatonenevergivinguppursuingknowledge,becauseonlythosewhoarestrong-mindedcanbehighlyintellectual.Anotherexample,Godhelpthemthathelpthemselves.20Ittendstotellusthatsolongasonevaluesself-relianceandindependence,hecancreateopportunities,seekcompetitionandbereadyfortherisks.

3.ThefunctionofEnglishproverbs

ThefunctionsofEnglishproverbsarethattheyexpresssomerulesofconductandquiteoftenconveysomeadviceorcounsel.Inotherwords,mostEnglishproverbspossessphilosophicdepthorinstructivefunction.ForthousandsofyearstheyhavebeeninstructingandinspiringEnglishpeople,sotheyhavebeenregardedastheguidelineofpeople’sthoughtsanddeeds,whichmeansEnglishpeoplearethinkingordoingthingsbyfollowingthedirectionoftheirproverbseitherconsciouslyorunconsciously.Englishproverbshavebecomeanimportantsourcesofinspirationjustbecausetheycontaintruth,wisdom,counsel,ruleofconduct,etc.FollowingwillmentiontwofunctionsofEnglishproverbs.

3.1Thefunctiontoadvise

Someproverbsareintendedtopersuadeandteachpeople.Topersuadeistopraisejustice,tofightagainstthebully.Toteachistoguidepeopletoadoptacorrectattitudetowardslife,totakeaproperwaytogetalongwellwithothers.Forexample,Betterdiewithhonorthanlivewithshame;Don’thavecloaktomakewhenitbeginstorain.Suchproverbssoundveryfirmandresoluteandtheycanstrengthenpeopleconvictionandawakenpeopleconsciousnessoflifeorbettertheirthinkingmethods.Theyareveryhelpfulforpeopletomakedistinctionbetweenrightandwrong,tobeclearaboutwhattoloveandwhattohate.Becausetheyaregoodforpeople’sself-cultivationandtheycancallfordeepthought,manypeopletaketheseproverbsastheirlifemotto.

Someotherproverbsrevealandcriticizethedarksideoftheagesorsociety.Theyattackthedirtypracticesofthesocietysoastoremindpeopletokeepconsciousandmaintainsharpwarning.Forexample,Thefoxchangeshisskin,butnothishabit;Aleopardcannotchangeitsspots.Peopletendtorecitesuchproverbswhentheyaredisclosingtheevilinthesocietyorwhentheyareremindingotherstokeepalert.

3.2Thefunctiontospreadexperiencesandknowledge

Manyproverbssummarizeknowledgeofpeople’sdailylifesuchasThebestwinecomesoutofanoldvessel;Softfiremakessweetmalt.Aspeople’sdailylifeiscomplicatedandextremelytrifling,suchproverbsarenumerous.Theysummarizepeople’sknowledgeintheirlifeandtheytellpeoplewhattodoandhowtodoit.Theyarejustlikeanencyclopediatoguidepeople’sdailylife.Fromthem,peoplemaybroadentheirknowledgeandoutlooksoastoavoidmakingmistakes.Someproverbsofthistypeareconcernedwithaparticularfield,likefarmerproverbsandmeteorologicalproverbs.Peasantsofdifferentages,intheiroveryears’work,practiceandprovethefarmingexperienceandproductiverules.Fromgenerationtogeneration,theysumuptheirexperienceandthefarmingrulesintosomevivid,conciseandlivelysentences.Thesesentencesarefarmerproverbsandtheyarepracticedandtestifiedyearafteryearandtheyhavebeenprovedtrueandaccurate.Theyreflectthepeasants’farmingexperienceandagriculturallawandshowtheworkingpeople’swisdom.Farmerproverbsareapreciousandvaluablepartofagriculturaldata.Peasantsofdifferentageshavesomeofthemasguideintheirfarming.Andmeteorologicalproverbs,whichsummarizethefundamentalmeteorologicalknowledgeofgenerations,arealsoabighelpinpeoplelife.Forexample,AprilshowersbringforthMayflowers;AcoldMayandawindymakesafullbarnandafindy;DryAugustandwarmdoesharvestnoharm;Afairdayinwinteristhemotherofastorm;Amistymorningmayhaveafineday;Cloudymorningsturntocleare

venings.

4.TherhetoricaldevicesofEnglishproverbs

IfwesaythephilosophicorinstructiveaspectofEnglishproverbsisagoodhelptothepeople,thenwecanalsosaythattheartisticoraestheticaspectofEnglishproverbsisaccelerantthatattractspeople’sattentiontomakefulluseofthem.Englishproverbsarealwaysterse,figurativeandwithpleasantsoundeffect,whichmakethemeasytomemorizeandpleasanttoears.FollowingwewilldiscusstherhetoricaldevicesofEnglishproverbs.

4.1Repetition

（1）Soundinbody,soundinmind.

（2）Foolslearnnothingfromwisemen,butwisemenlearnmuchfromfools.

（3）Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.

（4）Awisemanthinksallthathesays;afoolsaysallthathethinks.

Fromtheaboveexamples,wecanfindthattherepeatedwordorideahasareinforcingeffect.Withtherepetitionofthesamewordinclosesuccession,wemaynoticethatthemainpointofthesentencebecomesclear.Itcanalsobeusedtoexpressstrongemotionandgiveusanaestheticfeelingandasenseoflogicalprogressionofideas.21

4.2Phonology

4.2.1Alliteration

（5）Hewhomakesconstantcomplaintsgetslittlecompassion.

（6）Afairfacemayhideafoulheart.

（7）Thefairestflowerssoonestfade.

（8）Timeandtidewaitfornoman.

Fromtheaboveexamples,wecanfindthattheseproverbsarevividwithrhythm.Becauseofrhythm,alliterationisagreathelptomemory.Itcancatchtheattentionofthereadersandmaketheideaimpresseddeeplyonthereaders,sotheproverbsareeasiertoremember.

4.2.2Consonance

（9）Inyouththehoursaregolden,andinmatureyearstheyaresilvern,andinoldagetheyareleaden.

（10）Hopeforthebest,preparefortheworst.

（11）Wherelovefails,weespyallfaults.

Fromtheabove-mentioned,consonancemakestheproverbsmorerhythmicandmoreappealing.Itisalsogoodforsoundrhyme,musicaleffectandsignificantemphasis.

4.2.3Assonance

（12）Wheretheneedlegoes,thethreadfollows.

（13）Whothatinyouth,novirtueuses,inoldallhonorhimrefuses.

（14）Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

Therepetitionoftheabovevowelproducesmusicalrhythmandsoundeuphony.

4.3Comparison

4.3.1Simile

（15）Marchcomesinlikealionandgoesoutlikealamb.

（16）Truefriendshipislikesoundhealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknownuntilitbelost.

（17）Alambisasdearasdearastoapoormanasanoxtotherich.

Aswecanseefromtheaboveexamples,simileexplainsabstract,complicatedideasinsimpleandconcreteway.

4.3.2Metaphor

（18）Moneyisagoodservantbutabadmaster.

（19）Knowledgeisatreasurebutpracticeisthekeytoit.

（20）Hopeisthepoorman’sbread.

Aswecanseefromtheaboveexamples,animpliedcomparisonbetweentwodifferentthingsthatshareatleastoneattributeincommon.

4.3.3Metonymy

（21）Alightheartliveslong.

（22）Asoftanswerturnedawaywrath.

（23）Anironhandinavelvetglove.

（24）Aclosemouthcatchesnoflies.

Aswecanseefromtheaboveexamples,unlikesimile,thecomparisoninmetaphorisimplied.Itrequiresgreaterabilityonthepartofthereadertomakeoutthehiddenassociationorinsight,sometaphorisgenerallymorecomplicatedandmoreinvolvedthansimile.Theaboveproverbsenrichandstrengthenthereader’sexistingassociationandbringingaboutgreaterrhetoricaleffectiveness.22

4.4Personification

4.4.1Inanimateobjectspersonalizing

（25）Wallhasears.

（26）Moneymakesthemarego.

（27）Thepotcallsthekettleblack.

4.4.2Animalspersonalizing

（28）Thefoxknewtoomuch,that’showhelosthistail.

（29）Nightingaleswillnotsinginacage.

（30）Thetortoisewinstheracewhilethehareissleeping.

（31）Twosparrowsononeearofcornmakeanillagreement.

4.4.3Plantspersonalizing

（32）Agreattreeattractsthewind.

（33）Asingleflowerdoesnotmakeaspring.

4.4.4Abstractideaspersonalizing

（34）Truthconquersallthings.

（35）Opportunityseldomknockstwice.

（36）Virtuedwellsnotinthetonguebutintheheart.

Intheaboveproverbs,thereareincludingthreepartsofpersonification.Usingpersonificationmakestheproverbsmorevividandmoreattractive.Itcanimpressthereadersdeeply.

4.5Parallel

（37）Inforapenny,inforapound.

（38）Inyouththehoursaregolden,andinmatureyearstheyaresilvern,andinoldagetheyareleaden.

（39）Theleastsaid,thesoonestmended.

Aswecanfromtheabove,parallelstructurecancreateagoodvisualimageandhel

preadersmovequicklyfromoneideatothenext.Parallelismgivesemphasis,charityandcoherenceofideas,anditalsogivestherhythmoftheproverbs.Ithelpsthereaderstocatchtheideaofthespeakersorwritereasilyandpleasantly.23

4.6Synecdoche

（40）Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

（41）Greatmindsthinkalike.

Herethewords“head”and“mind”arebothrepresent“aperson”.

4.7Hyperbole

（42）Athousandyearscannotrepairamoment''''slossofhonor.

（43）Theworldisbutalittleplace,afterall.

（44）Anunfortunatemanwouldedrownedinateacup.

Hyperboleisacommonlyusedasignofgreatemotionasshownintheaboveexamples.Thereisnointenttodeceivethereader,instead,inthespeaker’smindheistrulydescribinghisintensefeelingatthetime.

4.8Pun

（45）Measureyourselfbyyourownfoot.

Heretheword“foot”hastwomeanings:onemeanshuman’heel,theotherisdimensionalunit.Sotheaboveproverbhastwodifferentmeanings,whichcreateapun.

（46）Rueandthymegrowbothinonegarden.

Heretheword“rue”hastwodifferentmeanings:oneisthenameofkingofflower,theothermeansregret.Theword“thyme”andtheword“time”havethesamepronunciations.Thesetworeasonsmakeapun.

5.Conclusion

Proverbsaretheoutcomeoflanguage.Theycomefrompeopleandareusedbypeople.“Proverbs,asaprominentscholaroncesaid“themirrorofanation”and“thelivingfossilofalanguage”,doplayanimportantroleindifferentlanguagesandcultures.InthewordsofFrancisBacon,“theGenius,witandspiritofanationarediscoveredinitsproverbs.””24ThereareavarietyofproverbsalmostallEnglishspeakersarefamiliarwith.Theyregardthesewordsofwisdomwithrespect.

Tosumup,themajorsourcesofEnglishproverbsaretheexperienceofthecommonpeople,literaryworks,religiousscripture,mythology,translatedloans,andhistory.SowecangainsomebasicknowledgeofEnglishculturethroughlearningEnglishproverbs,whichplaysanimportantroleincross-culturalcommunication.Becauseofusingrhetoricaldevicesandrhythmicalways,Englishproverbsarefilledwithimageandvividness,whichcancatchtheattentionofthereadersandmaketheideaimpresseddeeplyonthereaders.Theyalsorevealauniversaltruthfromaparticularpointinordertoenlightenpeople.Soproverbsgivepeopleadviceorwarningsindealingwitheverydayissues,andpointoutthepathtoknowledgeandself-cultivation.

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篇2

1、 Happiness lies first of all in health.

幸福首先在于健康。

2、 Cheerfulness is health; its opposite, melancholy, is disease.

歡樂就是健康， 憂郁就是病痛。

3、It is not work that kills, but worry.

工作不損壽， 憂郁才傷身。

4、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只工作， 不玩耍， 聰明小伙也變傻。

5、People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness.

沒有時(shí)間娛樂的人， 遲早得有時(shí)間生病。

6、 He is wise that knows when he is well enough.

知足為智者。

7、 He who lives with his memories becomes old. He who lives with plans for the future remains young.

終日懷舊催人老， 計(jì)劃未來葆青春。

8、 A good conscience is a continual feast.

問心無愧天天樂。

9、An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

一分預(yù)防勝過十分治療。

10、Diet cures more than doctors.

自己飲食有節(jié)， 勝過上門求醫(yī)。

11、It is not work that kills, but worry.

工作不損壽， 憂郁才傷身。

12、People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness.

沒有時(shí)間娛樂的人， 遲早得有時(shí)間生病。 ——J. Wanamaker 沃納梅克

13、He is wise that knows when he is well enough.

知足為智者。

14、He who lives with his memories becomes old. He who lives with plans for the future remains young.

終日懷舊催人老， 計(jì)劃未來葆青春。

15、A good conscience is a continual feast.

問心無愧天天樂。

16、An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

一分預(yù)防勝過十分治療。

17、He is happy that thinks himself so.

自樂者常樂。

18、An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

每天一只蘋果， 無需醫(yī)生進(jìn)門。

19、Better wear out shoes than sheets.

寧愿把鞋子穿漏， 不愿把床單磨破。

20、 Health is not valued till sickness comes.

病時(shí)方知健康可貴。

21、Leave off with an appetite.

吃得七分飽， 就該離餐桌。

22、 He who has good health is young, and he is rich who owes nothing.

健康葆青春， 無債即富足。

23、 Laugh and the world laughs with you, weep and you weep alone.

歡笑， 則世界與你同樂； 哭泣， 則獨(dú)自悲傷。

24、 Happy is he who only desires what he may and does what he ought.

不作非分之想又能盡本分的人是快樂的。

25、 There is no greater grief than to recall a time of happiness when in misery.

沒有比在悲慘中回憶幸福的時(shí)刻更痛苦。 ----Dante 但丁 （意大利詩人）

26、A light heart lives long.（ William Shakespeare, British dramatist ）

豁達(dá)者長壽。 （英國劇作家 莎士比亞。 W.）

27、Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears.（Benjamin Franklin, American president）

懶惰像生銹一樣，比操勞更能消耗身體。 （美國總統(tǒng) 富蘭克林。 B.）

28、The first wealth is health.（ Ralph Waldo Emerson, American thinker ）

健康是人生第一財(cái)富。 （美國思想家 愛默生。 R. W.）

29、Walking is man's best medicine.

行走是人的最佳良藥。()

篇3

The end justifies the means.只要目的正當(dāng)，可以不擇手段。

The end makes all equal.死亡面前，人人平等。

The eye is bigger than the belly.貪多嚼不爛。

The farthest way about is the nearest way home.抄近路反而繞遠(yuǎn)路。

Talk of the devil and he will appear.說曹操，曹操就到。

Tall trees catch mUCh wind.樹大招風(fēng)。

Teach others by your example.躬親示范。

The best hearts are always the bravest.無私者無畏。

The best man stumbles.偉人也有犯錯(cuò)時(shí)。

The cat shuts its eyes when stealing.掩耳盜鈴。

The danger past and God forgotten.過河拆橋。

The darkest hour is nearest the dawn.黎明前的黑暗。

The darkest place is under the candlestick.燭臺底下最暗。

The devil knows many things because he is old.老馬識途。

The devil sometimes speaks the truth.魔鬼有時(shí)也會說真話。

The die is cast.木已成舟。

The finest diamond must be cut.玉不琢，不成器。

The fire is the test of gold, adversity of strong man.烈火驗(yàn)真金，艱難磨意志。

The first step is the only difficulty.邁出第一步是最艱難的。

The fox knew too much, that”s how he lost his tail.機(jī)關(guān)算盡太聰明，反誤了卿卿性命。

The fox preys farthest from home.兔子不吃窩邊草。

The frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean.坐井觀天。

The grass is greener on the other side.這山望著那山高。

The greatest talkers are always least doers.語言的巨人總是行動的矮子。

The higher up, the greater the fall.爬得高，摔得慘。

The tongue is not steel, yet it cuts.人言可畏。

The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.水能載舟，亦能覆舟。

The wise man knows he knows nothing, the fool thinks he knows all.清者自清，濁者自濁。

The wolf has a winning game when the shepherds quarrel.螳螂捕蟬，黃雀在后。

The world is a ladder for some to go up and others to go down.世界如階梯，有人上有人下。

The world is but a little place, after all.海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰。

Time flies.光陰似箭。

Time is money.時(shí)間就是金錢。

Time lost cannot be won again.時(shí)光流逝，不可復(fù)得。

Time past cannot be called back again.時(shí)間不能倒流。

Time tries all.路遙知馬力，日久見人心。

Two heads are better than one.一個(gè)好漢三個(gè)幫。

Two of a trade seldom agree.同行是冤家。

Two wrongs do not make a right.別人錯(cuò)了，不等于你對了.

Think twice before you do.三思而后行。

Things at the worst will mend.否極泰來。

Time and tide wait for no man.時(shí)不我待。

Time cures all things.時(shí)間是醫(yī)治一切創(chuàng)傷的良藥

The leopard cannot change its spots.本性難移。

The more noble, the more humble.人越高尚，越謙虛。

The more wit, the less courage.初生牛犢不怕虎。

The outsider sees the most of the game.旁觀者清。

The pen is mightier than the sWord.筆能殺人。

The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑百步。

There are spots in the sun.太陽也有黑點(diǎn)。

There are two sides to every question.問題皆有兩面。

There is a skeleton in the cupboard.家家有本難念的經(jīng)。

There is kindness to be found everywhere.人間處處有溫情。

There is no general rule without some exception.任何法規(guī)均有例外。

There is no medicine against death.沒有長生不老藥。

There is no place like home.金窩銀窩不如咱的狗窩。

There is no royal road to learning.書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟。

The style is the man.字如其人。

Too much praise is a burden.過多夸獎，反成負(fù)擔(dān)。

To save time is to lengthen life.節(jié)約時(shí)間就是延長生命。

Touch pitch, and you will be defiled.常在河邊走，哪有不濕鞋。

Troubles never come singly.福無雙至，禍不單行。

Tit for tat is fair play.人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人。

To err is human.人非圣賢，孰能無過。

To know everything is to know nothing.什么都知道，一如什么都不知道。

To know oneself is true progress.人貴有自知之明。

Tomorrow never comes.我生待明日，萬事成蹉跎。

Too much familiarity breeds contempt.過分熟悉會使人互不服氣。

Too much knowledge makes the head bald.學(xué)問太多催人老。

Too much liberty spills all.自由放任，一事無成。

Truth never grows old.真理永存。

Turn over a new leaf.洗心革面，改過自新。

Two dogs strive for a bone, and a third runs away with it.鷸蚌相爭，漁翁得利。

篇4

2.Initiative is doing the right thing without being told.主動性就是在沒有人告訴時(shí)做正確的事情.

3.Think twice before acting.三思而后行.

4.Adversity reveals genius, fortune conceals it.苦難顯才華,好運(yùn)藏天知.

5.The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.水能載舟,亦能覆舟.

6.Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.寧為雞頭,不為鳳尾.

7.A stitch in time saves nine.防微杜漸.

8.Diamond cuts diamond.強(qiáng)中更有強(qiáng)中手.

9.The early bird catches the worm.捷足先登.

10.Whatever you go, go with all your heart.無論做什么事,一定要全力以赴.

11.The good seaman is known in bad weather.驚濤駭浪,方顯英雄本色.

12.Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕沒柴少.

13.All thing are difficult before they are easy.萬事開頭難.

14.Life is not all roses.人生并不都是康莊大道.

15.Heaven never seals off all the exits.天無絕人之路.

16.Is it not a joy to have friends come from afar?有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來不亦樂乎?

17.Reading is always profitable.開卷有益.

18.A gentleman acts on behalf of an understanding friend, as a woman makes herself beautiful for her lover.士為知己者用,女為說悅己者容.

篇5

1、A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.

大黑蟲咬大黑熊，大黑熊流血了！

2、A big black bug bit a big black bear. Where's the big black bear the big black bug bit?

大黑蟲咬大黑熊，被大黑蟲咬的大黑熊在那里呢？

3、A bitter biting bittern bit a better brother bittern, and the bitter better bittern bit the bitter biter back. And the bitter bittern, bitten, by the better bitten bittern, said: "I'm a bitter biter bit, alack!"

一只沮喪而尖刻的麻鳽咬了牠兄弟一口，而沒有牠那么沮喪的兄弟又咬牠一口。那只被咬的沮喪麻鳽對牠的兄弟說：「我是一只充滿怨恨的麻鳽！我害人終害己了！

4、A bloke's back bike brake block broke.

一個(gè)家伙的腳踏車后制動器壞了。

5、A box of biscuits, a batch of mixed biscuits.

一盒餅干，一爐雜餅干。

6、A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue.

一只跳蚤和一只蒼蠅飛進(jìn)煙道里。跳蚤說：「讓我們飛吧！蒼蠅說：「讓我們逃跑吧！就這樣，牠們就飛越了煙道里的一條裂紋。

7、A laurel-crowned clown!

戴桂冠的小丑。

8、A lusty lady loved a lawyer and longed to lure him from his laboratory.

一個(gè)精力充沛的女士愛上了一位律師，她渴望誘惑律師離開實(shí)驗(yàn)室，投入她的懷抱。

9、A noisy noise annoys an oyster.

嘈吵的噪音惹惱牡蠣。

10、A pleasant place to place a plaice is a place where a plaice is pleased to be placed.

放置鰈最好的地方是鰈愿意被放置的地方。

11、A skunk sat on a stump. The skunk thought the stump stunk, and the stump thought the skunk stunk.

一只臭鼬坐在樹墩上，臭鼬認(rèn)為樹墩發(fā)臭，而樹墩又認(rèn)為臭鼬發(fā)臭。

12、A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.

一只老虎將領(lǐng)帶系緊，清潔牠的尾巴。

13、A tree toad loved a she-toad who lived up in a tree. He was a two-toed tree toad but a three-toed toad was she. The two-toed tree toad tried to win the three-toed she-toad's heart, for the two-toed tree toad loved the ground that the three-toed tree toad trod. But the two-toed tree toad tried in vain. He couldn't please her whim. From her tree toad bower with her three-toed power the she-toad vetoed him.

一只樹蟾蜍愛上另一只住在樹上的蟾蜍女郎　…是一只二趾的蟾蜍，而蟾蜍女郎是三趾的。那只二趾的樹蟾蜍嘗試奪取三趾蟾蜍女郎的方心，因?yàn)槎后蛤芟矚g三趾蟾蜍女郎所踩踏的土地?？墒?，二趾蟾蜍徒勞無功　…不能滿足三趾蟾蜍女郎的心意。在三趾蟾蜍女郎的臥室，三趾蟾蜍女郎用牠的三趾能力將二趾蟾蜍的念頭打消了。

14、A tutor who tooted a flute tried to tutor two tooters to toot. Said the two to their tutor, "Is it harder to toot or to tutor two tooters to toot?"

一個(gè)吹笛的導(dǎo)師嘗試教兩個(gè)吹笛者吹笛。那兩個(gè)學(xué)吹笛的問導(dǎo)師：吹笛難，還是教兩個(gè)學(xué)吹笛的人吹笛難呢？

15、All I want is a proper cup of coffee made in a proper copper coffee pot, you can believe it or not, but I just want a cup of coffee in a proper coffee pot. Tin coffee pots or iron coffee pots are of no use to me. If I can't have a proper cup of coffee in a proper copper coffee pot, I'll have a cup of tea!

我只想要一杯用真正銅制的咖啡壺煮的正統(tǒng)咖啡。信不信由你，我只想要一杯用真正銅制的咖啡壺煮的正統(tǒng)咖啡。錫制的咖啡壺和鐵制的咖啡壺對我而言也是沒用的。假如我不能要一杯用真正銅制的咖啡壺煮的正統(tǒng)咖啡，那我就要一杯茶吧！

16、Amidst the mists and coldest frosts, with stoutest wrists and loudest boasts, he thrusts his fist against the posts and still insists he sees the ghosts.

在滿布薄霧，嚴(yán)寒期最凍的那天，他用最結(jié)實(shí)的手腕和最自夸的話用拳頭猛力推打柱子，而且聲稱他見鬼。

篇6

關(guān)鍵詞：英語諺語；直譯；意譯；套譯

1引言

諺語是對各種生活現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行綜合概括并在群眾中廣泛流傳運(yùn)用的語言，它同文學(xué)作品一樣，是語言的精華。它以最簡短的形式表示最豐富的內(nèi)容，語言生動活潑，富有生活氣息。不少諺語以形象的比喻闡述事物的發(fā)展規(guī)律，具有很深的哲理。諺語鮮明的民族特性，一定程度上反映了本民族的文化特點(diǎn)。

英語諺語不僅語句、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而且隱含著深層的民族文化含義。因此，英語諺語的漢譯是將源語文化信息轉(zhuǎn)換成譯語文化信息并求得二者相似，也就是說，“英諺漢譯已經(jīng)不僅僅是一種簡單的文本間語言層面的語符轉(zhuǎn)換，或是一種機(jī)械的復(fù)制活動，而是以文化篇章為翻譯單位的文化交流行為?！保ㄍ鯇?，2004：110）

2英漢諺語的翻譯

諺語在形式上是語義相對完整的固定句子。使用時(shí)可作為句子成分，也可作為獨(dú)立的交際單位，表達(dá)完整的意思?！胺g英語諺語時(shí)，僅僅以語言之間詞匯的同義性（等價(jià)性）為前提，尋求對等的表現(xiàn)是不夠的。譯者須巧奪運(yùn)用漢語的表現(xiàn)手法，力求能再現(xiàn)英語諺語的語言風(fēng)格和豐富內(nèi)涵?！保◤埮嗷?，1983：157）只有多注意英語諺語字面以外所特有的語言內(nèi)涵色彩，才能使譯文諷喻得當(dāng)，宜于說理，又不失原來諺語所具有的語言形象。以下從四個(gè)方面探求英諺翻譯的方法。

21直譯法

如果所要翻譯的諺語喻義清晰，形象逼真，按其字面直譯其意，就能表達(dá)出原文的喻義來，則可直譯。這樣做既能叫完整地保存原文的表達(dá)方式，且又可豐富我們自己的語言文化，一舉兩得。如：

（1）A cat has nine lives貓有九條命。

（2）A good tree is a good shelter大樹底下好乘涼。

（3）God helps those who help themselves自助者天助之。

（4）Rome is not built in a day羅馬不是一日建成的。

通過直譯法而傳神翻譯的諺語，往往成了英諺作為思想財(cái)富進(jìn)入漢語，并成為漢語借用的基礎(chǔ)。

22意譯法

有些英語諺語雖然在語言習(xí)慣和文化背景方面和其相對的漢語之間存在著某些差異，而且所比喻的事物并不一樣，但他們的含義卻相互吻合，而且表達(dá)方式也很相似，漢譯這些英語諺語時(shí)采取意譯的方法，能夠再現(xiàn)原文所具有的語言效果，幫助讀者更好地理解原文?！翱梢员苊庠谀承┣闆r下因直譯而引起的拖泥帶水，隔靴搔癢，甚至以辭害意，造成誤解等等弊病”（曾自立，1983：74）。如：

Don’t put the cart before the horse

cart是“大車，手推車”的意思。在西方國家，馬曾經(jīng)是主要的勞動工具，經(jīng)常用馬拉車馱運(yùn)貨物。將車套在馬前，馬又如何工作呢？這句話可翻譯成“勿本末倒置”。

23直譯、意譯相結(jié)合

有些英語諺語雖然在語言習(xí)慣和文化背景方面和其相對的漢語諺語之間存在著某些差異，而且所比喻的事物并不一樣，但他們的喻義卻相互吻合，而且表達(dá)方式也很相似，漢譯這些英語諺語時(shí)，常常需要“易其形式，存其精神”，即采用直譯意譯結(jié)合的方法。這樣同時(shí)“彌補(bǔ)了直譯難達(dá)意、意譯難傳神的不足，在直譯后加上諺語的真實(shí)含義，以期達(dá)到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的效果”（劉季春，1996：203）。如：

（1）First catch your hare先抓到兔子再說，到手的東西才算數(shù)。

（2）Cut your coat according to your cloth量布裁衣，量入為出。

（3）Do not kick against the pricks莫踢刺棍，莫作無謂的抵抗。

24套譯法

有些英語諺語意在言外，語言含蓄，寓意深刻。如果僅從字面意義直譯成漢語，而不領(lǐng)會原文的具體含義及其效果，譯文勢必平淡無味。這樣既不能表達(dá)意思，又有損于原文的語言形象和豐富內(nèi)涵。因此應(yīng)采用套譯，“可使譯文更加通順，另一方面更容易為譯文讀者理解和接受?！保T慶華，1995：144）如：

（1）People who live in glass houses should not throw stones

如譯成“住在玻璃房子里的人，不應(yīng)仍石頭”，不如譯成“己有過，勿正人”或“責(zé)人必先責(zé)己”。

可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種套用均屬于意譯的范疇。因?yàn)楸M管英漢諺語所表達(dá)的意義相同，但雙方所使用的形象比喻或修辭色彩等都不相同。因此切忌濫用這種意譯式的套用，否則就達(dá)不到“洋為中用”的目的，并且還會失去原文的形象比喻和修辭色彩。

另外，套用還有直譯式的套用。例如：Strike while the iron is hot（趁熱打鐵。）Better a glorious death than a shameful life（與其忍辱偷生，不如光榮而死。）但套用時(shí)應(yīng)注意不要用漢語中具有鮮明民族、地方色彩的習(xí)語硬套英語的習(xí)語，以免把漢語的民族或地方色彩強(qiáng)加到譯文中去，以致和原作的上下文形成矛盾。如：Two heads are better than one（一個(gè)不及兩人智。）就不應(yīng)套用“三個(gè)臭皮匠，勝過諸葛亮”，A new broom sweeps clean（掃帚新，掃得凈。）不應(yīng)套譯為“新官上任三把火”。

前文講述了英諺漢譯的四種主要方法。但針對某個(gè)具體的英諺，究竟應(yīng)采用哪種方法呢？這不難回答，直譯法是英諺漢譯的基本方法，譯者最先考慮的應(yīng)是采用該方法。如果直譯不易表達(dá)原文的含義，或不易被理解，則應(yīng)考慮用意譯或直譯兼意譯法。至于那些在中英文化涵義及表達(dá)方式上都有著許多共同點(diǎn)的英諺，則適用套用法。如：Give a person a dose of his own medicine（以其人之道還治其人之身。）

3英諺漢譯應(yīng)注意的問題

在翻譯英語諺語前，必須充分了解英國的文化背景和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，翻譯成既要完全表達(dá)出原文的含義，又要符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的句子，切忌斷章取義。例如“Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs”直譯為“殺掉會生金蛋的鵝”，但漢語中不說“殺鵝取卵”，喻體不同，因此漢譯時(shí)須遵循漢語成語的搭配規(guī)律。

另外，諺語的翻譯要注意語言的藝術(shù)性。有些英語諺語常常采用對稱的修辭手段，這樣能夠加強(qiáng)語勢，宜于說理。如：“An idle youth，a needy age”譯為“少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲?！?/p>

4結(jié)語

綜上所述，我們可以看出，諺語是大眾智慧的結(jié)晶，是經(jīng)過生活長期積淀和陶冶，才把豐富多彩的內(nèi)容濃縮在高度洗練的形式之中。在學(xué)習(xí)使用英語諺語的過程中，可以管窺異國的歷史、文化和風(fēng)情，從而豐富知識，擴(kuò)大視野。在翻譯英語諺語時(shí)，譯文首先要做到忠實(shí)準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)原文的意義，保持原文的風(fēng)格，反映原文的面貌；可區(qū)分不同情況，分別采用直譯，意譯，直、意結(jié)合和套譯等方法，使譯文“善解人意”，自然傳神。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]精選英語諺語300句[M]上?？萍冀逃霭嫔纾?987

[2]劉季春實(shí)用翻譯教程[M]中山大學(xué)出版社，1996

[3]馮慶華實(shí)用翻譯教程[M]上海：上海外語出版社，1995

[4]世界名言、名諺大全[M]紅旗出版社，1983

[5]王寧再論翻譯學(xué)忠的學(xué)科丁偉和文化特征[J]中國翻譯，2004

篇7

Two people are of the same mind their sharpness can cut through metal.

二人同心其利斷金。

Solidarity means strength.

團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量。

Rice type meters to more, more people to speak out.

稻多打出米來，人多講出理來。

When everybody adds fuel, the flames rise high.

眾人拾柴火焰高。

Much more than a bell sound, much more than a candle light.

多一個(gè)鈴鐺多一聲響，多一枝蠟燭多一分光。

Do not drop sea, makes difficult to garland.

滴水不成海，獨(dú)木難成林。

The collective is the source of power, all is the cradle of wisdom.People together who is strong.

集體是力量的源泉，眾人是智慧的搖籃。

With all the force, is unmatched in the world; With all the wisdom, the fearless in sage.

能用眾力，則無敵于天下矣;能用眾智，則無畏于圣人矣。

A stake with three fence, a good brave fellow three help.

一個(gè)籬笆三個(gè)樁,一個(gè)好漢三個(gè)幫。

One boy is a boy; two boys half boy;three boys no boy.

三個(gè)和尚沒水吃。

Two heads are better than one.

三個(gè)臭皮匠，頂個(gè)諸葛亮。

Fish from the water, the wild goose can't stray.

魚不能離水，雁不能離群。

People with one mind will remove Mount Tai.

人心齊，泰山移

Union is strength.

團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量。

For better or for worse.

同甘共苦。

篇8

2、God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。

3、Easier said than done. 說起來容易做起來難。

4、Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

5、One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，謬之千里。

6、Slow and steady wins the race. 穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打無往而不勝。

7、A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一塹，長一智。

8、Experience is the mother of wisdom. 實(shí)踐出真知。

篇9

Maidens should (or must) be mild and meek, swift to hear and slow to speak. 少女應(yīng)溫良謙恭，敏于聽而慎于言。

Make all you can, save all you can, give all you can. 盡力而為，盡力節(jié)約，盡力施舍。

Make haste slowly. 從容趕急。

Make hay while the sun shines. 趁熱打鐵。

Make the best of a bad business (or job or bargain) 身處山窮水盡，力爭柳暗花明。

Make the night night, and the day day, and you will have a pleasant time of it. 白天當(dāng)白天，夜晚當(dāng)夜晚，生活過得好，愉快而多歡。

Make your enemy your friend. 要化敵為友。

Make yourself necessary to someone. 使你有益于人。

Man alone is born crying, lives complaining, and dies disappointed. 只有人，生下時(shí)啼哭，活著時(shí)抱怨，去世時(shí)失望。

Man has not a greater enemy than himself. 人之大敵，自己而已。

Man is a tool-using animal. 人是用器之獸。

Man is mortal. 人生誰無死。

Man is not the creature of circumstances; circumstances are the creature of man. 并非時(shí)勢造人，而是人造時(shí)勢。

Man is the artificer of his own happiness. 人之幸福，自己創(chuàng)造。

Manners make the man. 禮貌造就人。

Man proposes, God disposes. 謀事在天，成事在人。

Man''s best plans often miscrarry. 神機(jī)妙算，常常失算。

Man''s best possession is a loving wife. 男人最可貴的是有一個(gè)賢淑的妻子。

Man will conquer nature. 人定勝天。

Many a fine dish has nothing on it. 虛有其表。

Many a flower is born to blush unseen. 有許多花兒生來就開著沒有人欣賞。

Many a good cow hath a bad calf. 虎父生犬子。

Many a good father hath but a bad son. 好父親偏生不肖子。

Many a little (or pickle) makes a mickle. 積少成多。

Many ants kill the horse. 蟻多可殺馬。

Many a true word is spoken in jest. 戲言寓真理。

Many dishes, many diseases. 多吃多病。

Many drops makes a shower. 積少成多。

Many great men have arisen from humble beginnings. 有許多偉人出身卑微。

Many hands are better than one. 眾擎易舉。

Many hands make a burden lighter. 眾擎易舉。

Many hands make light (or quick) work. 人多活兒輕。

Many have suffered for talking, none ever suffered for keeping silence. 多言吃苦，緘默少禍。

Many heads are better than one. 集思廣益。

Many kiss the baby for the nurse''s sake. 醉翁之意不在酒。

Many men, many minds. 人多意見多。

Many one says well that thinks ill. 口蜜腹劍者不乏其人。

Many receive advice only the wise profit by it. 聆忠言者眾，智者獨(dú)獲益。

Many sands will sink a ship. 積沙沈船。

Many straws may bind an elephant. 草多可縛象。

Many wells, many buckets. 井多吊桶也多。

Many words cut (or hurt) more than swords. 惡語傷人勝刀見。

March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb. 三月來如雄獅，去如綿羊。

篇10

1、a strong man will struggle with the storms of fate.

強(qiáng)者能同命運(yùn)的風(fēng)暴抗?fàn)帯?/p>

2、cease to struggle and you cease to live.

生命不止，奮斗不息。

3、nothing seeks, nothing finds.

無所求則無所獲。

4、i succeeded because i willed it; i never hesitated.

我成功是因?yàn)槲矣袥Q心，從不躊躇。

5、if you should put even a little on a little, and should do this often, soon this too would become big.

偉大的事業(yè)是通過不懈努力，一磚一瓦堆起來的。

6、for all pain helps to make us rise, however much we may hate it at the time.

一切痛苦都有助于我們奮發(fā)向上，不論我們當(dāng)時(shí)是多么憎恨它。

7、it's better to have fought and lost, than never to have fought at all.

奮戰(zhàn)過而失敗，強(qiáng)于根本未戰(zhàn)。

8、nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind on it.

世上無難事，只怕有心人。

9、a man can succeed at almost anything for which he was unlimited enthusiasm.

只要有無限的熱情，一個(gè)人幾乎可以在任何事情上取得成功。

10、all that you do, do with your might; things done by halves are never done right.

做一切事情都應(yīng)盡力而為，不可半途而廢。

11、prosperity is not without many fears and disasters; adversity is not without comforts and hopes.

幸運(yùn)中并非不摻雜各種擔(dān)心與煩惱，而厄運(yùn)中也并非不存在欣慰與期望。

12、gods determine what you're going to be.

人生的奮斗目標(biāo)決定你將成為怎樣的人。

13、on life's earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.

生活在頑強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)斗中，只有每天不屈不撓奮勇向前的人才能取得勝利。

14、meet success like a gentleman and disaster like a man.

優(yōu)雅地迎接成功，勇敢地面對挫折。

15、energy and persistence conquer all things.

能量加毅力可以征服一切。

16、no road of flowers leads to glory.

沒有一條通往光榮的道路是鋪滿鮮花的。

17、our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.

命運(yùn)給予我們的不是失望之酒，而是機(jī)會之杯。

18、man errs so long as he strives.

人只要奮斗就會犯錯(cuò)誤。

19、only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.

只有有耐心圓滿完成簡單工作的人，才能夠輕而易舉地完成困難的事。

20、fortune shows her power when there is no wise preparation for resisting her.

沒有向命運(yùn)抗?fàn)幍拿髦菧?zhǔn)備，命運(yùn)便會顯示其威力。

21、great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance.

大業(yè)成于百折不撓，不論力量大小。

22、genius only means hard-working all one's life.

天才只意味著終身不懈的努力。

23、pursue your object, be it what it will, steadily and indefatigably.

不管追求什么目標(biāo)，都應(yīng)堅(jiān)持不懈。

24、a man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.

一個(gè)人可以失敗很多次，但是只要他沒有開始責(zé)怪旁人，他還不是一個(gè)失敗者。

25、none is of freedom or of life deserving unless he daily conquers it anew.

只有每天再度戰(zhàn)勝生活并奪取自由的人，才配享受生活的自由。

26、failure is the mother of success.

失敗乃成功之母。()