赤芝子化學(xué)成分研究論文
時間:2022-12-02 07:06:00
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【摘要】目的研究赤芝子實體的化學(xué)成分。方法應(yīng)用多種色譜方法進(jìn)行分離和純化,通過1H,13C-NMR和MS等波譜技術(shù)確定化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果從赤芝子實體中分離得到8個化合物,分別被鑒定為:靈芝醇B(ganoderiolB,1)、靈芝酸A(ganodericacidA,2)、赤芝酸A(lucidenicacidA,3)、靈芝萜酮二醇(ganodermanondiol,4)、3,7,11,15,23-5O-5α-羊毛甾-8-烯-26烷酸(3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oicacid,5)、麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇十五烷酸酯(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol-pentadecanoate,6)、麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol,7)及正二十六烷酸(n-hexacosanoicacid,8)。結(jié)論其中化合物8為從該植物中首次分離得到。
【關(guān)鍵詞】赤芝;子實體;三萜類;二十六烷酸
Abstract:ObjectiveTostudythechemicalconstituentsoffruitingbodiesofGanodermlucidum..MethodsVariouskindsofchromatographymethodswereusedtoseparatethechemicalconstituentsfromthefruitingbodiesofG.lucidum.Theirstructuresweredeterminedby1H,13C-NMRandMassspectraldata.ResultsEightcompoundswereisolatedfromthefruitingbodiesofG.lucidumandcharacterizedasganoderiolB(1),ganodericacidA(2),lucidenicacidA(3),ganodermanondiol(4),3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oicacid(5),ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol-pentadecanoate(6),ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol(7)andn-hexacosanoicacid(8).ConclusionCompound8wasisolatedfromG.lucidumforthefirsttime.
Keywords:Ganodermalucidum(Leyss.exFr.)
Karst.;Fruitingbody;Triterpenoids;N-hexacosanoicacid
赤芝Ganodermalucidum(Leyss.exFr.)Karst.為擔(dān)子菌綱多孔菌科靈芝屬植物[1],與紫芝GanodermasinenseZhao,XuetZhang均首次收錄于《中國藥典》2000年版[2],作為靈芝的藥用正品。靈芝在我國已有悠久的應(yīng)用歷史,東漢時期的《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》已把靈芝列為上品,認(rèn)為靈芝能防治多種疾病,是滋補(bǔ)強(qiáng)壯、扶正固本的珍品。為了從中分離出具有抗腫瘤活性的成分,我們對該植物進(jìn)行了提取分離,并對分得的單體進(jìn)行了分離純化和結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定。本文報道從其中分離并鑒定出的8個化合物,它們分別為:靈芝醇B(ganoderiolB,1)、靈芝酸A(ganodericacidA,2)、赤芝酸A(lucidenicA,3)、靈芝酮二醇(ganodermanondiol,4)、3,7,11,15,23-5O-5α-羊毛甾-8-烯-26烷酸(3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oicacid,5)、麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇十五烷酸酯(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol-pentadecanoate,6)、麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol,7)及正二十六烷酸(n-hexacosanoicacid)。
1儀器與材料
熔點(diǎn)用X-5型顯微熔點(diǎn)測定儀測定(未校正);NMR譜用BRUKERAvance300及BRUKERAvance500型核磁共振儀測定;ESI-MS用HP1100HPLC/ESI液質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀測定;EI-MS用島津MS7070E型質(zhì)譜儀測定。
薄層色譜硅膠及柱色譜硅膠為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn);SephadexLH-20為Pharmacia公司產(chǎn)品;硅膠GF254薄層預(yù)制板為煙臺化學(xué)工業(yè)研究所產(chǎn)品;所用試劑均為分析純。
樣品采自安徽省黃山市,由中國科學(xué)院地理與湖泊研究所南京中科藥業(yè)股份有限公司沈建高級工程師鑒定為赤芝Ganodermalucidum(Leyss.exFr.)Karst.,憑證標(biāo)本存放于南京中科藥業(yè)股份有限公司。
2方法與結(jié)果
2.1提取與分離
赤芝子實體粗粉(干品)4kg,用8倍量乙醇分別回流提取3次,2h/次,提取液濃縮得浸膏,加適量水混懸稀釋后,得到下層沉淀(Ⅰ)部分(33g)和上層混懸液,上層混懸液依次用石油醚(60~90℃)、二氯甲烷、醋酸乙酯分別萃取,合并萃取液,回收溶劑,得到二氯甲烷(Ⅱ)萃取部分(63g)。Ⅰ部分經(jīng)硅膠柱層析,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(10∶0~0∶10))梯度洗脫,每份500ml,分別濃縮,其中94~98份合并后經(jīng)反復(fù)硅膠柱層析(石油醚-醋酸乙酯)和SephadexLH-20純化(甲醇),得到化合物5(23mg),Ⅱ部分采用硅膠柱層析,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(10∶0~0∶10))梯度洗脫,其中37~42部分、43~45部分、69~81部分、82~100部分、152~156部分及223~239部分分別經(jīng)反復(fù)硅膠柱層析(石油醚-醋酸乙酯系統(tǒng))及SephadexLH-20純化(氯仿-甲醇系統(tǒng)),得到化合物1(8.4mg)、2(120mg)、3(6.7mg)、4(13mg)、6(13mg)、7(36mg)和8(15mg)。
2.2結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
2.2.1化合物1白色晶體,mp171~173℃,分子式C30H48O2。EI-MSm/z:440[M]+,相對分子質(zhì)量440。Liebermann-Burchard反應(yīng)陽性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ:5.47(1H,d,J=6.4Hz,C7-H),5.40(1H,t,J=6.6Hz,C24-H),5.31(1H,d,J=6.2Hz,C11-H),4.00(2H,s,C26-H),3.24(1H,dd,J=11.4,4.4Hz,C3-H),1.67(3H,s,C27-CH3),1.01(3H,s,C28-CH3),0.88(6H,s,C19和C30-CH3),0.57(3H,s,C18-CH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ:35.72(C-1),28.10(C-2),78.97(C-3),38.68(C-4),50.31(C-5),22.98(C-6),120.25(C-7),142.72(C-8),146.00(C-9),37.36(C-10),116.30(C-11),37.83(C-12),43.77(C-13),49.14(C-14),27.88(C-15),31.49(C-16),50.92(C-17),15.73(C-18),22.70(C-19),36.05(C-20),18.37(C-21),35.91(C-22),24.51(C-23),127.03(C-24),134.39(C-25),69.08(C-26),13.58(C-27),25.53(C-28),27.88(C-29),15.73(C-30)。將化合物1的光譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[3,4]對照,確定為靈芝醇B。
2.2.2化合物2白色結(jié)晶,mp112~113℃,分子式:C30H44O7。EI-MSm/z:516[M]+,相對分子質(zhì)量516。Liebermann-Burchard反應(yīng)陽性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ:4.79(1H,m,C15-H),4.62(1H,m,C7-H),1.28(3H,s,C19-CH3),1.26(3H,s,C28-CH3),1.12(3H,s,C27-CH3),1.10(3H,s,C29-CH3),0.98(3H,s,C18-CH3),0.90(3H,s,C21-CH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ:35.61(C-1),34.31(C-2),216.82(C-3),46.52(C-4),48.97(C-5),29.01(C-6),68.98(C-7),159.01(C-8),140.41(C-9),38.08(C-10),119.55(C-11),51.75(C-12),46.83(C-13),53.96(C-14),72.50(C-15),36.26(C-16),47.90(C-17),17.29(C-18),19.32(C-19),32.62(C-20)19.53(C-21),49.60(C-22),208.5(C-23),46.68(C-24),34.62(C-25),179.98(C-26),16.92(C-27),19.72(C-28),27.26(C-29),20.75(C-30)。將化合物的波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5,6]對照,完全一致,確定為靈芝酸A。
2.2.3化合物3白色針狀結(jié)晶,mp294~295℃,分子式:C27H38O6。Liebermann-Burchard反應(yīng)陽性。EI-MSm/z:458[M]+,相對分子質(zhì)量458。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ:0.95,1.06,1.08,1.21,1.30(各3H,s),0.93(3H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.81(1H,t,J=7.8Hz,C7-H)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ:30.59(C-1),34.31(C-2),216.57(C-3),46.81(C-4),49.00(C-5),27.71(C-6),66.39(C-7),157.88(C-8),141.33(C-9),38.32(C-10),197.68(C-11),50.28(C-12),45.01(C-13),59.38(C-14),217.90(C-15),41.11(C-16),46.39(C-17),17.73(C-18),18.18(C-19),35.20(C-20),18.04(C-21),30.50(C-22),35.71(C-23),177.52(C-24),27.03(C-25),20.81(C-26),24.70(C-27)。將化合物3的波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[7,8]對照,完全一致,確定為赤芝酸A。
2.2.4化合物4白色針晶,mp182~183℃,分子式C30H48O3。Liebermann-Burchard反應(yīng)陽性,EI-MSm/z:456[M]+,相對分子質(zhì)量456。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ:5.40(1H,d,C7-H),3.30(1H,dd,活潑氫質(zhì)子),1.22(3H,s,C27-CH3),1.13(3H,s,C26-CH3),1.09(3H,s,C29-CH3),0.59((3H,s,C18-CH3),0.91(3H,d,C21-CH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ:35.55(C-1),34.87(C-2),216.80(C-3),47.49(C-4),50.74(C-5),23.69(C-6),119.95(C-7),142.88(C-8),144.54(C-9),37.22(C-10),117.27(C-11),37.85(C-12),43.78(C-13),50.32(C-14),31.48(C-15),27.88(C-16),50.99(C-17),15.74(C-18),22.07(C-19),36.64(C-20),18.65(C-21),33.49(C-22),28.74(C-23),79.61(C-24),73.24(C-25),23.23(C-26),26.59(C-27),25.46(C-28),25.37(C-29),22.48(C-30)。將化合物4的波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9,10]對照,確定為靈芝萜酮二醇。
2.2.5化合物5淺黃色針狀結(jié)晶,mp105~106℃,分子式C30H40O7。ESI-MSm/z:513[M+H]+,相對分子質(zhì)量512。1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ4.85(1H,m,C3-H),1.28,1.14,1.12,0.99,0.89,0.59(各3H,s)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ:37.20(C-1),34.23(C-2),215.44(C-3),46.95(C-4),50.85(C-5),33.76(C-6),199.44(C-7),149.79(C-8),146.83(C-9),39.29(C-10),199.42(C-11),48.80(C-12),43.86(C-13),57.14(C-14),206.99(C-15),39.71(C-16),44.3(C-17),16.00(C-18),19.71(C-19),31.99(C-20),18.54(C-21),48.87(C-22),207.63(C-23),46.50(C-24),34.43(C-25),180.38(C-26),16.84(C-27),20.90(C-28),27.53(C-29),20.24(C-30)。將化合物5的波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11~13]對照,確定為3,7,l1,15,23一五氧化-5α-羊毛甾-8烯-26-烷酸。
2.2.6化合物6白色粉末,mp113~115℃,分子式C42H86O2。Liebermann-Burchard反應(yīng)陽性ESI-MSm/z:623[M+H]+,相對分子質(zhì)量622。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,)δ:5.13~5.22(3H,m,C7,C22,C23-H),4.71(1H,t,J=6.0Hz,C3-H),2.30(2H,t,J=7.6Hz,C2′-H),1.25~1.46(長鏈飽和亞甲基),1.03(3H,d,J=6.4Hz,C21-H),0.91(3H,d,J=6.18Hz,C28-H),0.88(3H,t,J=6.4Hz,末端甲基),0.85(3H,s,C19-H),0.81(6H,m,C26和C27-H),0.54(3H,s,C18-H)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,75MHz):36.75(C-1),27.72(C-2),73.19(C-3),33.92(C-4),40.15(C-5)29.72(C-6),117.37(C-7),139.55(C-8),49.37(C-9),34.29(C-10),21.53(C-11),39.46(C-12),43.33(C-13),55.12(C-14),22.95(C-15),28.10(C-16),55.82(C-17),12.13(C-18),12.96(C-19),40.47(C-20),19.67(C-21),131.96(C-22),135.61(C-23),42.87(C-24),33.14(C-25),19.96(C-26),21.10(C-27),17.62(C-28),14.11(末端甲基)29.1-29(飽和亞甲基),173.32(C=O)?;衔?與文獻(xiàn)[14]數(shù)據(jù)相一致,確定為麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇十五烷酸酯。
2.2.7化合物7無色針晶,mp136~141℃,分子式:C28H46O。Liebermann-Burchard反應(yīng)陽性。EI-MSm/z:398[M]+,相對分子質(zhì)量398。13C-NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ:37.16(C-1),31.48(C-2),71.06(C-3),38.00(C-4),40.29(C-5),29.65(C-6),117.46(C-7),139.78(C-8),49.49(C-9),33.10(C-10),25.55(C-11),39.47(C-12),42.85(C-13),55.12(C-14),22.93(C-15),28.08(C-16),55.78(C-17),12.09(C-18),13.02(C-19),40.44(C-20),19.64(C-21),131.91(C-22),135.57(C-23),42.83(C-24),33.10(C-25),19.93(C-26),21.10(C-27),17.60(C-28)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15,16]報道的麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇數(shù)據(jù)相一致,故確定為麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇。
2.2.8化合物8白色片狀結(jié)晶,mp79℃,分子式C26H52O2。EI-MSm/z:396[M]+,相對分子質(zhì)量396。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ:0.88(3H,t,J=7.2Hz),1.25(44H,m),1.63(2H,m),2.35(2H,t,J=7.41Hz),9.8(-COOH),13C-NMR圖譜中具有1個末端甲基信號(14.1),一些飽和亞甲基信號(29.1~29.5,C4~C23)及33.59(C-2)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[17]報道的正二十六烷酸相一致,故確定為正二十六烷酸。
3討論
本實驗從赤芝子實體中分離到三萜酸類5個,麥角甾類2個,脂肪酸類1個。其中正二十六烷酸為首次從該植物中分離得到。
現(xiàn)代藥理學(xué)研究表明,三萜類是靈芝的主要活性成分,從中尋找出抗腫瘤及抗艾滋病病毒的活性成分是目前科學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)。本實驗中分離得到的靈芝萜酮二醇就具有抗艾滋病病毒化合物的活性基團(tuán),值得進(jìn)一步研究開發(fā)。
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